Solutions for Chapter 26.2: Nucleosides
Full solutions for Organic Chemistry, | 9th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402741
Solutions for Chapter 26.2
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Key Chemistry Terms and definitions covered in this textbook
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antiaromatic
Instability that arises when a planar ring of continuously overlapping p orbitals contains 4n p electrons.
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bond-line structures
The most common drawing style employed by organic chemists. All carbon atoms and most hydrogen atoms are implied but not explicitly drawn in a bond-line structure.
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catalyst
A substance that changes the speed of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing a permanent chemical change in the process. (Section 14.7)
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chain-growth polymer
A polymer that is formed under conditions in which the monomers do not react directly with each other, but rather, each monomer is added to the growing chain, one at a time.
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copolymer
A complex polymer resulting from the polymerization of two or more chemically different monomers. (Section 12.8)
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corrosion
The process by which a metal is oxidized by substances in its environment. (Section 20.8)
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dispersion forces
Intermolecular forces resulting from attractions between induced dipoles. Also called London dispersion forces. (Section 11.2)
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Exergonic reaction
A reaction in which the Gibbs free energy of the products is lower than that of the reactants. The position of equilibrium for an exergonic reaction favors products.
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first order
A reaction that has a rate equation in which the sum of all exponents is one.
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first-order reaction
A reaction in which the reaction rate is proportional to the concentration of a single reactant, raised to the first power. (Section 14.4)
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free energy (Gibbs free energy, G)
A thermodynamic state function that gives a criterion for spontaneous change in terms of enthalpy and entropy: G = H - TS. (Section 19.5)
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hydroxyl group
An OH group.
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Infrared active
Any molecular vibration that leads to a substantial change in dipole moment and is observed in an IR spectrum.
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Newman projection
A way to view a molecule by looking along a carbon-carbon single bond
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Nucleophile
From the Greek meaning nucleus-loving. Any species that can donate a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond; alternatively, a Lewis base
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reactant
A starting substance in a chemical reaction; it appears to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation. (Section 3.1)
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solvent
The dissolving medium of a solution; it is normally the component of a solution present in the greater amount. (Section 4.1)
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tertiary alkyl halide
An organohalide in which the alpha (a) position is connected to three alkyl groups.
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thioacetal
A compound that contains two SR groups, both of which are connected to the same carbon atom.
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torsional angle
The angle between two groups in a Newman projection, also called the dihedral angle.