Solutions for Chapter 2: The First Law

The minimum amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction. (13.4)

A carbon adjacent to a carbon-carbon double bond.

The basic unit of an element that can enter into chemical combination. (2.2)

A self-contained electrochemical power source that contains one or more voltaic cells. (Section 20.7)

An apparatus that measures the heat released or absorbed in a chemical or physical process. (Section 5.5)

An ion in which carbon has an unshared pair of electrons and bears a negative charge.

A point so situated that identical components of an object are located on opposite sides and equidistant from that point along any axis passing through it.

A notation that uses chemical symbols with numerical subscripts to convey the relative proportions of atoms of the different elements in a substance. (Section 2.6)

A lipid that readily undergoes hydrolysis in aqueous acid or base to produce smaller fragments.

Very weak intermolecular forces of attraction resulting from the interaction between temporary induced dipoles

A form of magnetism in which unpaired electron spins align parallel to one another. (Section 23.1)

The analysis of a reaction using MO theory, where only the frontier orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) are considered.

An atom or group of atoms within a molecule that shows a characteristic set of physical and chemical properties

A conformation about a single bond of an alkane in which two groups on adjacent carbons lie at a dihedral angle of 60°

A compound with the structure R2CRN!NH2.

Triglycerides that are liquids at room temperature.

A graphic representation of the equilibria among the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of a substance as a function of temperature and pressure. (Section 11.6)

The probability that the electron will be found at a certain distance from the nucleus. (Section 6.6)

A polymer with alternating R and S confi gurations at the chiral centers along its chain, as, for example, syndiotactic polypropylene

A diverse class of naturally occurring compounds that can be thought of as being assembled from isoprene units, each of which contains five carbon atoms.