Solutions for Chapter 3: The Second Law

Hydrocarbons that do not contain the benzene group or the benzene ring. (24.1)

Organic bases that have the functional group —NR2, where R may be H, an alkyl group, or an aromatic group. (24.4)

A compound containing an sp3 -hybridized nitrogen atom bonded to one, two, or three carbon atoms

An atom or group of atoms bearing a negative charge.

A galvanic cell, or a series of combined galvanic cells, that can be used as a source of direct electric current at a constant voltage. (18.6)

A means of protecting a metal against corrosion by making it the cathode in a voltaic cell. This can be achieved by attaching a more easily oxidized metal, which serves as an anode, to the metal to be protected. (Section 20.8)

A band of molecular orbitals lying higher in energy than the occupied valence band and distinctly separated from it. (Section 12.7)

The temperature above which a gas will not liquefy. (11.8)

A system to specify the confi guration of groups about a carbon-carbon double bond

A compound of the type CHX3 where X is a halogen.

An ion formed by the addition of an electron to a hydrogen atom: H-. (Section 7.7)

A twostep process that achieves an anti-Markovnikov addition of a proton and a hydroxyl group (OH) across an alkene.

A measure of the strength of an acid: Ka = Keq 3H2O4 = 3H3O+ 4 3A- 4 3HA4

A cyclic amide.

Elements in the s and p blocks of the periodic table. (Section 6.9)

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a particular atom. (Section 2.3)

A polymer formed from the polymerization of vinyl chloride (H2CRCHCl).

An amine in which nitrogen is bonded to one carbon and two hydrogens

A series of intermediates and curved arrows that show howthe reaction occurs in terms of the motion of electrons.

The power to which the concentration of a reactant is raised in a rate law. (Section 14.3)