Solutions for Chapter 10: Atomic structure and atomic spectra

The lowest attainable temperature; 0 K on the Kelvin scale and -273.15 °C on the Celsius scale. (Section 1.4)

A peroxide for which each oxygen atom is connected to an acyl group. Acyl peroxides are often used as radical initiators, because the O!O bond is especially weak.

An alkane containing two rings that share two carbons

The enthalpy change, ?H, required to break a particular bond when the substance is in the gas phase. (Section 8.8)

An ArN2 1 or RN2 1 ion

A measure of the ability of an atom that is bonded to another atom to attract electrons to itself. (Section 8.4)

Vibrations in the region 1500 to 400 cm21 of an IR spectrum are complex and diffi cult to analyze but are characteristic for different molecules.

A reaction that has a rate equation in which the sum of all exponents is one.

A way to view furanose and pyranose forms of monosaccharides. The ring is drawn fl at and most commonly viewed through its edge with the anomeric carbon on the right and the oxygen atom of the ring to the rear

The enthalpy change, ?H, for melting a solid. (Section 11.4)

A catalyst that is in the same phase as the reactant substances. (Section 14.7)

Molecules with low molecular weights, which can be joined together (polymerized) to form a polymer. (Section 12.8)

An organic compound containing at least one halogen.

A reaction that converts an alkene into an epoxide via a stereospecific pathway.

The threedimensional arrangement of all atoms of a nucleic acid, commonly referred to as supercoiling

The SI unit for magnetic fi eld strength.

A polymer that can be melted and molded into a shape that is retained when it is cooled.

A conformation of cyclohexane that is lower in energy than a boat conformation but higher in energy than a chair conformation.

A method for predicting bond angles based on the idea that electron pairs repel each other and keep as far apart as possible.

The more substituted product (alkene) of an elimination reaction.