Solutions for Chapter 10: Atomic structure and atomic spectra

A type of rearrangement in which an atom or group of atoms with its bonding electrons moves from one atom to an adjacent electron-defi cient atom.

An oxide that either reacts with a base to form a salt or with water to form an acid. (Section 22.5)

A reaction that occurs when an aldehyde or ketone is attacked by an enolate ion. The product of an aldol addition reaction is always a b-hydroxy aldehyde or ketone.

An unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.

A solution in which the solvent is water. (4.1)

An equilibrium property measured by the position of equilibrium in an acid-base reaction, as, for example, the acid-base reaction between ammonia and water.

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed. (13.6)

A unimolecular b-elimination reaction

An electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that installs an acyl group on an aromatic ring.

The lowest energy state of a system.

Compounds that are similar in structure to CFCs but also possess at least one C!Hbond.

An OH group.

Plasma particles, density 1.02–1.06 g/mL, consisting of approximately 26% proteins, 50% cholesterol, 21% phospholipids, and 4% triglycerides.

A plot of the relative abundance of ions versus their mass-to-charge ratio

On an aromatic ring, the C3 position.

The product of the mass, m, and velocity, v, of an object. (Section 6.4)

A measure of the ease of distortion of the distribution of electron density about an atom or group in response to interaction with other molecules or ions. Fluorine which has a high electronegativity and holds its electrons tightly, has a very low polarizability. Iodine, which has a lower electronegativity and holds its electrons less tightly, has a very high polarizability.

A voltaic cell that cannot be recharged. (Section 20.7)

An interaction in which nuclear spins of adjacent atoms infl uence each other and lead to the spitting of NMR signals.

Fibrous proteins that are used for their structural rigidity. Examples include a-keratins found in hair, nails, skin, feathers, and wool.