Chemistry: The Central Science 11th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

A reaction in which two atoms or groups of atoms react with a double bond, forming a compound with the two new groups bonded to the carbons of the original double bond.

Energy stored within the structural units of chemical substances. (6.1)

A class of lipids which includes leukotrienes, prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and prostacyclins.

In mass spectrometry, an ionization technique that involves bombarding a compoundwith high-energy electrons.

The enthalpy change that accompanies the formation of a substance from the most stable forms of its component elements. (Section 5.7)

A long, unbranched-chain carboxylic acid, most commonly of 12 to 20 carbons, derived from the hydrolysis of animal fats, vegetable oils, or the phospholipids of biological membranes.

An electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that installs an alkyl group on an aromatic ring.

A conformation about a single bond of an alkane in which two groups on adjacent carbons lie at a dihedral angle of 60°

Two groups connected to the same carbon atom. For example, a geminal dihalide is a compound with two halogens connected to the same carbon atom.

A method for converting an alkene to an alcohol. The alkene is treated with borane (BH3) to give a trialkylborane, which is then oxidized with alkaline hydrogen peroxide to give an alcohol

A reaction that involves the addition of H and X (either Br or Cl) across an alkene.

In additionreactions, the observation that the hydrogen atomis generally placed at the vinylic position alreadybearing the larger number of hydrogen atoms.

The extent to which an element exhibits the physical and chemical properties characteristic of metals, for example, luster, malleability, ductility, and good thermal and electrical conductivity. (Section 7.6)

The electrophile in a Michael reaction.

The common name for bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane.

A building block of nucleic acids, consisting of d-ribose or 2-deoxy-d-ribose bonded to a heterocyclic aromatic amine base by a b-N-glycosidic bond

A carbohydrate that reacts with an oxidizing agent to form an aldonic acid. In this reaction, the carbohydrate reduces the oxidizing agent.

A term describing a consideration that must be taken into account for a reaction in which two or more constitutional isomers can be formed.

A quantum number associated with the electron spin; it may have values of +12 or -12. (Section 6.7)

A reaction with a negative DG, which means that products are favored at equilibrium.