Chemistry: The Central Science 11th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

The position immediately adjacent to a functional group.

The measurement of heat changes. (6.5)

A neutral molecule that contains a carbon atom surrounded by only six valence electrons (R2C:).

A technique by which compounds are separated from each other based on a difference in the way they interact with the medium (the adsorbent) through which they are passed.

The amount of partial charge (d ) on either end of a dipole multiplied by the distance of separation (d): m=d × d

The process of separating compounds on the basis of their electric charge

A higher energy state than the ground state. (Section 6.3)

CFCs that were heavily used for a wide variety of commercial applications, including as refrigerants, as propellants, in the production of foam insulation, as fire-fighting materials, and many other useful applications.

The heat given off during a reaction in which an alkane reacts with oxygen to produce CO2 and water.

The enthalpy change, ?H, for vaporization of a liquid. (Section 11.4)

A catalyst that does not dissolve in the reaction medium.

A type of carbocation rearrangement that involves the migration of a hydride ion (H-).

A series of atoms, ions, or molecules having the same number of electrons. (Section 7.3)

A substitution reaction in which an aromatic ring is attacked by a nucleophile, which replaces a leaving group.

A rule stating that bonded atoms tend to possess or share a total of eight valence-shell electrons. (Section 8.1)

A device that uses strong magnetic and electrostatic fields to accelerate charged particles. (Section 21.3)

An electrically charged group of two or more atoms. (Section 2.7)

A process that can go back and forth between states along exactly the same path; a system at equilibrium is reversible if equilibrium can be shifted by an infinitesimal modification of a variable such as temperature. (Section 19.1)

Atomic orbitals that are achieved by mathematically averaging one s orbital with only one p orbital to form two hybridized atomic orbitals.

A special type of stereoselective reaction in which the stereochemistry of the product is dependent on the stereochemistry of the starting material.