Modern Chemistry 1st Edition - Solutions by Chapter

A molecular orbital in which electron density is concentrated outside the region between the two nuclei of bonded atoms. Such orbitals, designated as s* or p*, are less stable (of higher energy) than bonding molecular orbitals. (Section 9.7)

One-half the distance between the two nuclei in two adjacent atoms of the same element in a metal. For elements that exist as diatomic units, the atomic radius is one-half the distance between the nuclei of the two atoms in a particular molecule. (8.3)

A method for preparing primary amines that avoids the formation of secondary and tertiary amines.

The cyclic hemiacetal of an aldose, in which the hydroxyl group at the anomeric position is cis to the CH2OH group.

The enthalpy change, ?H, required to break a particular bond when the substance is in the gas phase. (Section 8.8)

A species in which a carbon atom has only six electrons in its valence shell and bears a positive charge

A series of reactions in which one reaction initiates the next. (Section 21.7)

A reaction in which two smaller molecules combine to form a larger molecule. Water is invariably one of the products of such a reaction. (24.4)

The absence of two hydrogen atoms associated with a ring or a p bond.

From the German, entgegen, opposite. Specifi es that groups of higher priority on the carbons of a double bond are on opposite sides

The use of electrolysis to reduce or refine metals. (Section 20.9)

The process by which a protein adopts its biologically active shape. (Section 24.7)

Atoms or groups on an atom that give an achiral molecule when one of the groups is replaced by another group. The hydrogens of the CH2 group of propane, for example, are homotopic. Replacing either one of them with deuterium gives 2-deuteropropane, which is achiral. Homotopic groups have identical chemical shifts under all conditions

The energy that an object possesses by virtue of its motion. (Section 5.1)

A spectroscopic technique that gives information about the number and types of atoms in a molecule, for example, hydrogens (1 H!NMR) and carbons (13C!NMR)

When used in the context of fats and oils, a mixture of triglycerides that is liquid at room temperature

A group derived by removing an H from benzene; abbreviated C6H5! or Ph!.

A compound that absorbs light and transfers the energy to another molecule.

A reaction that has a rate equation in which the sum of all exponents is two.

A reaction with a negative DG, which means that products are favored at equilibrium.