Organic Chemistry 6th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

Any substituent on a benzene ring that causes the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution to be greater than that for benzene.

A peroxide for which each oxygen atom is connected to an acyl group. Acyl peroxides are often used as radical initiators, because the O!O bond is especially weak.

An organic compound containing at least one halogen.

Instability that arises when a planar ring of continuously overlapping p orbitals contains 4n p electrons.

An estimate of the size of an atom. See bonding atomic radius. (Section 7.3)

A class of lipids which includes leukotrienes, prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and prostacyclins.

A measure of the ability of an atom that is bonded to another atom to attract electrons to itself. (Section 8.4)

A substance consisting of atoms of the same atomic number. Historically defined as a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means. (Sections 1.1 and 1.2)

An organic compound that has an OR group attached to a carbonyl; it is the product of a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. (Section 24.4)

A compound containing a halogen atom bonded to a benzene ring. Given the symbol Ar!X

A compound containing a carbonyl group bonded to two carbons.

In NMR spectroscopy, a technique in which only the one-bond couplings are observed. CH3 groups appear as quartets, CH2 groups appear as triplets, CH groups appear as doublets, and quaternary carbon atoms appear as singlets.

Refers to a compound that rotates the plane of plane-polarized light

A measure of the force exerted on a unit area. In chemistry, pressure is often expressed in units of atmospheres (atm) or torr: 760 torr = 1 atm; in SI units pressure is expressed in pascals (Pa). (Section 10.2)

A characteristic that gives a sample of matter its unique identity. (Section 1.1)

An applied magnetic fi eld causes the p electrons of an aromatic ring to circulate, giving rise to the so-called ring current and an associated magnetic fi eld that opposes the applied fi eld in the middle of the ring but reinforces the applied fi eld on the outside of the ring.

The clustering of solvent molecules around a solute particle. (Section 13.1)

An atom, most commonly carbon, about which exchange of two groups produces a stereoisomer. Chiral centers are one type of stereocenter

A name that is assigned using the rules of IUPAC nomenclature.

The SI unit for magnetic fi eld strength.