Organic Chemistry 6th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

The minimum amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction. (13.4)

An ion with a net negative charge. (2.5)

A molecular orbital in which electron density is concentrated outside the region between the two nuclei of bonded atoms. Such orbitals, designated as s* or p*, are less stable (of higher energy) than bonding molecular orbitals. (Section 9.7)

The dipole moment that is due to unequal electron sharing between two atoms in a covalent bond. (Section 9.3)

The radius of an atom as defined by the distances separating it from other atoms to which it is chemically bonded. (Section 7.3)

A shift of an equilibrium induced by an ion common to the equilibrium. For example, added Na2SO4 decreases the solubility of the slightly soluble salt BaSO4, or added NaF decreases the percent ionization of HF. (Section 17.1)

During a reaction, the requirement that the phases of the frontier MOs must be aligned.

When treated with a strong base, a quaternary ammonium halide undergoes b-elimination by an E2 mechanism to give the less-substituted alkene as the major product

Amino acids with Fischer projections that resemble the Fischer projections of l sugars.

Element in which the 4f subshell is only partially occupied. (Sections 6.8 and 6.9)

Liquids that mix in all proportions. (Section 13.3)

When used in the context of fats and oils, a mixture of triglycerides that is liquid at room temperature

Refers to a compound that rotates the plane of plane-polarized light

An industrial process used to make nitric acid from ammonia. The NH3 is catalytically oxidized by O2 to form NO; NO in air is oxidized to NO2; HNO3 is formed in a disproportionation reaction when NO2 dissolves in water. (Section 22.7)

An intermediate that is believed to be formed during Wittig reactions.

A measure of the energy absorbed from radiation by tissue or other biological material; 1 rad = transfer of 1 * 10-2 J of energy per kilogram of material. (Section 21.9)

Energy such as solar energy, wind energy, and hydroelectric energy derived from essentially inexhaustible sources. (Section 5.8)

A test for determining the relationship between two protons. The compound is drawn two times, each time replacing one of the protons with deuterium. If the two compounds are identical, the protons are homotopic. If the two compounds are enantiomers, the protons are enantiotopic. If the two compounds are diastereomers, the protons are diastereotopic.

The separation of enantiomers from a mixture containing both enantiomers.

A common type of spin-spin coupling involving the H atoms on two C atoms that are bonded to each other.