Organic Chemistry 6th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

A reaction that achieves the installation of an alkyl group. For example, an SN2 reaction in which an alkyl group is connected to an attacking nucleophile.

The mass of an atom in atomic mass units. (3.1)

A compound that can serve as a proton acceptor.

The heating of an ore to bring about its decomposition and the elimination of a volatile product. For example, a carbonate ore might be calcined to drive off CO2. (Section 23.2)

The area of chemistry concerned with the speeds, or rates, at which chemical reactions occur. (Chapter 14: Introduction)

The rules used in naming substances. (Section 2.8)

From the Greek, cheir meaning hand; an object that is not superposable on its mirror image; an object that has handedness.

A triplet of nucleotides on mRNA that directs incorporation of a specifi c amino acid into a polypeptide sequence.

A dispersion of particles of one substance (the dispersed phase) throughout a dispersing medium made of another substance. (12.8)

The energy that dictates the position of chemical equilibria and rates of chemical reactions. A thermodynamic function of enthalpy, entropy, and temperature, given by the equation DG° 5 DH° 2 TDS°. If DG° , 0, the position of equilibria for the reaction favors products. If DG° . 0, the position of equilibria favors reactants.

A compound containing a halogen atom covalently bonded to an sp3 -hybridized carbon atom. Given the symbol R!X.

For substituted cycloalkanes, a drawing style used to clearly identify which groups are above the ring and which groups are below the ring. (See also Sect. 4.14.)

A compound with the structure R!O!O!H.

The conversion of a ketone or aldehyde into an imine under conditions in which the imine is reduced as soon as it is formed, giving an amine.

A reaction that can produce two or more constitutional isomers but nevertheless produces one as the major product.

A conformation about a carbon-carbon single bond in which the atoms or groups on one carbon are as far apart as possible from atoms or groups on an adjacent carbon.

An electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction in which an SO3H group is installed on an aromatic ring.

An addition reaction in which two groups are added to the same face of a p bond.

Constitutional isomers in equilibrium with each other that differ in the location of a hydrogen atom and a double bond relative to a heteroatom, most commonly O, N, or S.

A molecule containing three amino acid units, each joined to the next by a peptide bond