Solutions for Chapter 19.1: NomeNclature of aldehydes aNd KetoNes

The product formed when the !CHO group of an aldose is oxidized to a !COOH group

A group that is formed by removing a hydrogen atom from an alkane. (Section 25.3)

An alloy of mercury with another metal or metals. (21.2)

The electrode at which reduction occurs. (18.2)

The volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas. (5.3)

A compound containing two carbon-carbon p bonds.

A molecule containing two amino acid units joined by a peptide bond

A conformation about a carboncarbon single bond in which the atoms or groups on one carbon are as close as possible to the atoms or groups on an adjacent carbon.

In the VSEPR model, a region about a central atom in which an electron pair is concentrated. (Section 9.2)

A thermodynamic state function that combines enthalpy and entropy, in the form G = H - TS. For a change occurring at constant temperature and pressure, the change in free energy is ?G = ?H - T?S. (Section 19.5)

A catalyst that is in the same phase as the reactant substances. (Section 14.7)

The energy required to decompose an atomic nucleus into its component protons and neutrons. (Section 21.6)

A biopolymer containing three types of monomer units: heterocyclic aromatic amine bases derived from purine and pyrimidine, the monosaccharides d-ribose or 2-deoxy-d-ribose, and phosphoric acid

A form of lipid molecule that contains charged phosphate groups. (Section 24.9)

The value that is obtained when concentrations of reactants and products are inserted into the equilibrium expression. If the concentrations are equilibrium concentrations, Q = K; otherwise, Q ? K. (Section 15.6)

Reactions that utilize copper salts (CuX) and enable the installation of a halogen or a cyano group on an aromatic ring.

A term used to indicate that a certain volume of a compound will dissolve in a specified amount of a liquid at room temperature.

In IR spectroscopy, atype of vibration that generally produces a signal in the diagnostic region of an IR spectrum.

A diverse class of naturally occurring compounds that can be thought of as being assembled from isoprene units, each of which contains five carbon atoms.

The study of how energy is distributed under the influence of entropy. For chemists, the thermodynamics of a reaction specifically refers to the study of the relative energy levels of reactants and products.