Organic Chemistry 8th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

An acid that is not a proton donor; an acid that is an electron pair acceptor in a Lewis acid-base reaction.

A unit of pressure equal to 105 Pa. (Section 10.2)

A molecular orbital in which the electron density is concentrated in the internuclear region. The energy of a bonding molecular orbital is lower than the energy of the separate atomic orbitals from which it forms. (Section 9.7)

A law stating that at constant temperature, the product of the volume and pressure of a given amount of gas is a constant. (Section 10.3)

A polydentate ligand that is capable of occupying two or more sites in the coordination sphere. (Section 23.3)

An ion containing a central metal cation bonded to one or more molecules or ions. (16.10)

Saturated hydrocarbons of general formula CnH2n in which the carbon atoms form a closed ring. (Section 24.2)

An electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that installs an alkyl group on an aromatic ring.

A thermodynamic state function that combines enthalpy and entropy, in the form G = H - TS. For a change occurring at constant temperature and pressure, the change in free energy is ?G = ?H - T?S. (Section 19.5)

A compound containing a halogen atom bonded to a benzene ring. Given the symbol Ar!X

The difference in enthalpy between reactants and products. If the enthalpy of products is lower than that of the reactants, heat is released and the reaction is exothermic. If the enthalpy of the products is higher than that of the reactants, energy is absorbed, and the reaction is endothermic

The heat evolved in a given process can be expressed as the sum of the heats of several processes that, when added, yield the process of interest. (Section 5.6)

A method for converting an alkene to an alcohol. The alkene is treated with borane (BH3) to give a trialkylborane, which is then oxidized with alkaline hydrogen peroxide to give an alcohol

A nonpolar molecule derived from glycerol and fatty acids that is used by organisms for long-term energy storage. (Section 24.9)

A ranking of functional groups in order of priority for the purposes of IUPAC nomenclature.

A starting substance in a chemical reaction; it appears to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation. (Section 3.1)

A carbohydrate that is oxidized upon treatment with Tollens’ reagent, Fehling’s reagent, or Benedict’s reagent.

Groups that strongy deactivate an aromatic ring toward electrophilic aromatic substitution, thereby significantly decreasing the rate of the reaction.

A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms in a compound is replaced by another atom or group of atoms.

Highly crosslinked polymers that are generally very hard and insoluble.