Organic Chemistry 8th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

The minimum amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction. (13.4)

A summary of the results of many possible displacement reactions. (4.4)

A !CH2CH"CH2 group.

A compound containing an sp3 -hybridized nitrogen atom bonded to one, two, or three carbon atoms

A strong attractive force that exists between atoms in a molecule. (Section 8.1)

Tools that are used for drawing resonance structures and for showing the flow of electron density during each step of a reaction mechanism.

A monosaccharide that, when written as a Fischer projection, has the !OH on its penultimate carbon to the right.

A method of problem solving in which units are carried through all calculations. Dimensional analysis ensures that the final answer of a calculation has the desired units. (Section 1.6)

A measure of the driving force, or electrical pressure, for the completion of an electrochemical reaction. Electromotive force is measured in volts: 1 V = 1 J>C. Also called the cell potential. (Section 20.4)

An electrophilic aromatic substitution in which a hydrogen of an aromatic ring is replaced by an alkyl or acyl group.

For substituted cycloalkanes, a drawing style used to clearly identify which groups are above the ring and which groups are below the ring. (See also Sect. 4.14.)

An equation that is often employed to calculate the pH of buffered solutions: pH = pKa + log 3conjugated base4 3acid4

A Lewis base bonded to a metal atom in a coordination compound. It may bond strongly or weakly.

The pressure that must be applied to a solution to stop osmosis from pure solvent into the solution. (Section 13.5)

A material that can be formed into particular shapes by application of heat and pressure. (Section 12.8)

Any chemical species that contains one or more unpaired electrons.

A reaction that can produce two or more constitutional isomers but nevertheless produces one as the major product.

A molecular orbital that centers the electron density about an imaginary line passing through two nuclei. (Section 9.7)

A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms in a compound is replaced by another atom or group of atoms.

A reaction that has a rate equation in which the sum of all exponents is three