Organic Chemistry 8th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

A compound that possesses a hydroxyl group (OH).

A substance that has the characteristic properties of a metal and contains more than one element. Often there is one principal metallic component, with other elements present in smaller amounts. Alloys may be homogeneous or heterogeneous. (Section 12.3)

Radical scavengers that prevent autooxidation by preventing radical chain reactions from beginning.

A unit based on the value of exactly 12 amu for the mass of the isotope of carbon that has six protons and six neutrons in the nucleus. (Sections 2.3 and 3.3)

A temperature scale on which water freezes at 0° and boils at 100° at sea level. (Section 1.4)

Isomers that differ by the confi guration of substituents on an atom. Refers to the arrangement of atoms about a stereocenter

The region of an IR spectrum that contains signals that arise from double bonds, triple bonds, and X!H bonds.

A method of problem solving in which units are carried through all calculations. Dimensional analysis ensures that the final answer of a calculation has the desired units. (Section 1.6)

In mass spectrometry, an ionization technique in which the compound is first dissolved in a solvent and then sprayed via a high-voltage needle into a vacuum chamber. The tiny droplets of solution become charged by the needle, and subsequent evaporation forms gas-phase molecular ions that typically carry one or more charges.

For a mixture containing two enantiomers, the difference between the percent concentration of the major enantiomer and the percent concentration of its mirror image.

Stereoisomers that are nonsuperposable mirror images of each other; refers to a relationship between pairs of objects

Vibrations in the region 1500 to 400 cm21 of an IR spectrum are complex and diffi cult to analyze but are characteristic for different molecules.

A catalyst that does not dissolve in the reaction medium.

A special type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom that is connected to another electronegative atom.

The short-range attractive forces operating between the particles that make up the units of a liquid or solid substance. These same forces also cause gases to liquefy or solidify at low temperatures and high pressures. (Chapter 11: Introduction)

A drawing style inwhich the electrons take center stage.linear polymer (Sect. 27.6): A polymer thathas only a minimal amount of branching or nobranching at all.

A solution containing just one enantiomer, but not its mirror image.

A form of lipid molecule that contains charged phosphate groups. (Section 24.9)

A biopolymer formed from amino acids. (Section 24.7)

Polymers that are hard at room temperature but soft when heated.