Organic Chemistry 8th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

A temperature scale that uses the absolute zero of temperature as the lowest temperature. (5.3)

An oxide that either reacts with a base to form a salt or with water to form an acid. (Section 22.5)

A unit based on the value of exactly 12 amu for the mass of the isotope of carbon that has six protons and six neutrons in the nucleus. (Sections 2.3 and 3.3)

An array of closely spaced molecular orbitals occupying a discrete range of energy. (Section 12.4)

The process in which dissolved solute comes out of solution and forms crystals. (12.1)

A process in a chemical reaction that occurs in a single step. An overall chemical reaction consists of one or more elementary reactions or steps. (Section 14.6)

A fi ve-membered cyclic form of a monosaccharide.

A reaction which involves the addition of a halogen and a hydroxyl group (OH) across an alkene.

An ion formed by the addition of an electron to a hydrogen atom: H-. (Section 7.7)

A reaction that involves the addition of H and X (either Br or Cl) across an alkene.

The predominant form of the proton in aqueous solution. (Section 16.2)

The tendency of nonpolar groups to cluster so as to shield them from contact with an aqueous environment.

An effect that explains why alkyl groups stabilize a carbocation.

A polymer containing the !NHCO2! group as a repeating unit

For radical reactions,the steps whose sum gives the net chemical reaction.

Any chemical species that contains one or more unpaired electrons.

The energy required to pair an electron with another electron occupying an orbital. (Section 23.6)

The minimum distance of approach to an atom that does not cause nonbonded interaction strain.

A carbocation in which the positive charge is on one of the carbons of a carbon-carbon double bond.

Groups that weakly deactivate an aromatic ring toward electrophilic aromatic substitution, thereby decreasing the rate of the reaction.