Organic Chemistry 8th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure. (5.2)

In a Lewis structure a pair of electrons that is shared by two atoms. (Section 9.2)

A nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which the nucleophile is an ester enolate and the electrophile is an ester.

The quantity of solute present in a given quantity of solvent or solution. (Section 4.5)

A band of molecular orbitals lying higher in energy than the occupied valence band and distinctly separated from it. (Section 12.7)

A compound containing two adjacent p bonds.

The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a sample of matter by 1 °C (or 1 K). (Section 5.5)

Plasma particles, density 1.06–1.21 g/mL, consisting of approximately 33% proteins, 30% cholesterol, 29% phospholipids, and 8% triglycerides.

Cleavage of a bond so that each fragment retains one electron; formation of radicals.

Naturally occurring compoundsthat can be extracted from cells usingnonpolar organic solvents.

Attractive forces between transient dipole moments, observed in alkanes.

Asynthetic technique that enables the transformationof a halide into a carboxylic acid with theintroduction of two new carbon atoms.

A common name for a thiol; that is, any compound that contains an -SH (sulfhydryl) group

A naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbon compounds composed of hydrogen and carbon. (Section 5.8)

Reactions that occur via a concerted process and do not involve either ionic or radical intermediates.

A species formed when a neutral molecule loses one electron; it contains both an odd number of electrons and a positive charge.

A compound that reduces another compound and in the process is itself oxidized. Sodium borohydride and lithium aluminum hydride are reducing agents.

A mixture of substances that has a uniform composition; a homogeneous mixture. (Section 1.2)

Strain that arises when nonbonded atoms separated by three bonds are forced from a staggered conformation to an eclipsed conformation. Torsional strain is also called eclipsed-interaction strain.

From the German, zusammen, meaning opposite. Specifi es that groups of higher priority on the carbons of a double bond are on the same side