Solutions for Chapter 10: Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds

Which of the two possible isomers an enantiomer is (i.e., whether it is the right- or left-handed isomer).

In UV-Vis spectroscopy, the value log (I0/I) where I0 is the intensity of the reference beam and I is the intensity of the sample beam.

A unit of measure equivalent to 1 g divided by Avogadro’s number.

A system that enables the exchange of energy (usually in the form of heat) but not mass with its surroundings. (6.2)

The minimum mass of fissionable material required to generate a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. (19.5)

The attraction between the positive end of one dipole and the negative end of another.

In an energy diagram, the height of the energy barrier (the hump) between the reactants and the products.

A twodimensional representation of a molecule; in these projections, groups on the right and left are by convention in front, while those at the top and bottom are to the rear.

Spin-spin coupling with adjacent nuclei split NMR signals depending on the extent of coupling and the number of adjacent equivalent nuclei.

A compound containing a five-membered ring that is similar to pyrrole but has one extra nitrogen atom at the 3 position.

A bond between oppositely charged ions. The ions are formed from atoms by transfer of one or more electrons. (Section 8.1)

The force that exists between an ion and a neutral polar molecule that possesses a permanent dipole moment. (Section 11.2)

One that occurs at constant temperature. (Section 19.1)

Refers to a substance that rotates the plane of polarized light to the left.

In the addition of HX, H2O, or ROH to an alkene, hydrogen adds to the carbon of the double bond having the greater number of hydrogens.

A !CH2! group.

Lipids that contain 20 carbon atoms and are characterized by a five-membered ring with two side chains.

A measure of the energy absorbed from radiation by tissue or other biological material; 1 rad = transfer of 1 * 10-2 J of energy per kilogram of material. (Section 21.9)

A measure of the decrease in concentration of a reactant or the increase in concentration of a product with time. (Section 14.2)

Two objects that are identical.