Solutions for Chapter 6: Electrophilic Additions

Naturally occurring amines isolated from plants.

An organic compound that has an NR2 group attached to a carbonyl. (Section 24.4)

An oxide that forms a base when added to water; soluble metal oxides are basic anhydrides. (Section 22.5)

A nuclear decay process where a beta particle is emitted from the nucleus; also called beta decay. (Section 21.1)

A structural form of protein in which two strands of amino acids are hydrogen-bonded together in a zipperlike configuration. (Section 24.7)

The dipole moment that is due to unequal electron sharing between two atoms in a covalent bond. (Section 9.3)

A CRO bond. carboxylic acid derivative (Sect. 21.6): A compound that is similar in structure to a carboxylic acid (RCOOH) but the OH group of the carboxylic acid has been replaced with a different group, Z, where Z is a heteroatom such as Cl, O, N, etc. Nitriles (R!C#N) are also considered to be carboxylic acid derivatives because they have the same oxidation state as carboxylic acids.

A system that enables the exchange of energy (usually in the form of heat) but not mass with its surroundings. (6.2)

A [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement in which all six atoms of the cyclic transition state are carbon atoms.

The pressure at which a gas at its critical temperature is converted to a liquid state. (Section 11.4)

Refers to the steric strain arising from interaction between an axial substituent and an axial hydrogen (or other group) on the same side of a chair conformation of a cyclohexane ring

Energy added or released when an electron is added to an atom or molecule.

A quantity defined by the relationship H = E + PV; the enthalpy change, ?H, for a reaction that occurs at constant pressure is the heat evolved or absorbed in the reaction: ?H = qp. (Section 5.3)

A cyclic ether in which oxygen is one atom of a three-membered ring

A molecule containing an !OH and an !OR or !OAr group bonded to the same carbon

The equilibrium that is established between an enol and a ketone in either acid-catalyzed or basecatalyzed conditions.

A carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolyzed to a simpler carbohydrate.

A compound that does not rotate plane-polarized light.

The probability that the electron will be found at a certain distance from the nucleus. (Section 6.6)

The emf of a cell when all reagents are at standard conditions. (Section 20.4)