Solutions for Chapter 14.6SE: Chemistry: The Central Science 13th Edition

As protons are added one by one to the nucleus to build up the elements, electrons similarly are added to the atomic orbitals. (7.9)

The distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule. (9.4)

In a bicyclic system, the carbon atoms where the rings are fused together.

A CRO bond. carboxylic acid derivative (Sect. 21.6): A compound that is similar in structure to a carboxylic acid (RCOOH) but the OH group of the carboxylic acid has been replaced with a different group, Z, where Z is a heteroatom such as Cl, O, N, etc. Nitriles (R!C#N) are also considered to be carboxylic acid derivatives because they have the same oxidation state as carboxylic acids.

A means of protecting a metal against corrosion by making it the cathode in a voltaic cell. This can be achieved by attaching a more easily oxidized metal, which serves as an anode, to the metal to be protected. (Section 20.8)

In UV-Vis spectroscopy, the region of the molecule responsible for the absorption (the conjugated p system).

Long-chain carboxylic acids.

A conformation that exhibits a gauche interaction.

The highest occupied molecular orbital.

The gradual decrease in atomic and ionic radii with increasing atomic number among the lanthanide elements, atomic numbers 57 through 70. The decrease arises because of a gradual increase in effective nuclear charge through the lanthanide series. (Section 23.1)

An electron-pair donor. (Section 16.11)

Compounds with the general structure R!O!O!R.

A solvent that lacks hydrogen atoms connected directly to an electronegative atom.

A nonprotein unit attached to a protein, such as heme in hemoglobin.

A radioactive nuclide. (Section 21.1)

A term describing a consideration that must be taken into account for a reaction in which two or more constitutional isomers can be formed.

The separation of enantiomers from a mixture containing both enantiomers.

A unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In nomenclature, the groups connected to the parent chain.

A carbocation in which the positive charge resides on a vinylic carbon atom. This type of carbocation is very unstable and will not readily form in most cases.