Solutions for Chapter 18: Organic Chemistry 2nd Edition

An organic compound obtained by substituting a hydroxyl group 1¬OH2 for a hydrogen on a hydrocarbon. (Sections 2.9 and 24.4)

Hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. They have the general formula CnH2n22, where n 5 2,3, . . . . (24.2)

The ability of the atoms of an element to form bonds with one another. (22.3)

The attraction between the positive end of one dipole and the negative end of another.

Incorporation of a hetero atom into a solid to change its electrical properties. For example, incorporation of P into Si. (Section 12.7)

Hydrogens that have the same chemical environment

A substance with one or more unpaired electrons. (Section 21.9)

Elements that are in the same column of the periodic table; elements within the same group or family exhibit similarities in their chemical behavior. (Section 2.5)

A polar group that has favorable interactions with water.

The force that exists between an ion and a neutral polar molecule that possesses a permanent dipole moment. (Section 11.2)

A term that refers to the rate of a reaction.

The temperature at which the crystallineregions of a polymer become amorphous.

An assembly of a metal ion and the Lewis bases bonded to it. (Section 23.2)

Possessing the ability to rotate the plane of polarized light. (Section 23.4)

A method for converting an alkene to an alcohol. The alkene is treated with mercury(II) acetate followed by reduction with sodium borohydride.

A rule stating that no two electrons in an atom may have the same four quantum numbers (n, l, ml, and ms). As a reflection of this principle, there can be no more than two electrons in any one atomic orbital. (Section 6.7)

A reaction that is performed with photochemical excitation (usually UV light).

Constitutional isomers that rapidly interconvert via the migration of a proton.

Cleavage by heating

The outermost occupied electron shell of an atom.