Chemistry 12th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. (2.3)

A polymer that is formed under conditions in which the monomers do not react directly with each other, but rather, each monomer is added to the growing chain, one at a time.

A tetrahedral carbon atom bearing four different groups.

A reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen, usually with the release of heat and light, to produce a flame. (4.4)

Nonequivalent protons for which the replacement test produces diastereomers.

Atoms or groups on an atom that are bonded to an atom that is bonded to two nonidentical groups, one of which contains a chiral center. When one of the atoms or groups is replaced by another group, a new chiral center is created and a set of diastereomers results. The hydrogens of the CH2 group of 2-butanol, for example, are diastereotopic. Diastereotopic groups have different chemical shifts under all conditions

The escape of a gas through an orifice or hole. (Section 10.8)

A cyclic compound whose ring contains more than one kind of atom. Oxirane (ethylene oxide), for example, is a heterocycle whose ring contains two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.

A reaction that involves the addition of H and X (either Br or Cl) across an alkene.

Electrically charged atom or group of atoms (polyatomic ion); ions can be positively or negatively charged, depending on whether electrons are lost (positive) or gained (negative) by the atoms. (Section 2.7)

A carbohydrate for which the chirality center farthest from the carbonyl group will have an OH group pointing to the left in the Fischer projection.

A rule stating that the molecular ion of a compound with an odd number of nitrogen atoms has an odd m/z ratio; if zero or an even number of nitrogen atoms, the molecular ion has an even m/z ratio

A compound that lacks a ring with a continuous system of overlapping p orbitals.

The negative log in base 10 of the aquated hydrogen ion concentration: pH = -log3H+4. (Section 16.4)

For light, the orientation of the electric field.

A substance produced in a chemical reaction; it appears to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation. (Section 3.1)

Polypeptide chains comprised of more than 40 or 50 amino acids.

A method for preparing substituted amines by treating an aldehyde or ketone with an amine in the presence of a reducing agent

The conversion of an aryl diazonium salt into fluorobenzene upon treatment with fluoroboric acid (HBF4).

The sulfur analog of an ether; a molecule containing a sulfur atom bonded to two carbon atoms. Sulfi des are also called thioethers