Holt Science & Technology California: Student Edition Grade 8 Physical Science 2007 1st Edition - Solutions by Chapter

Usually narrow and consisting of highly deformed sediments. They occur where oceanic lithosphere is being subducted beneath the margin of a continent.

The angle of the Sun above the horizon.

A final state of evolution for a star, in which all of its energy sources are exhausted and it no longer emits radiation.

The exchanges of energy and moisture that occur among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, solid Earth, biosphere, and cryosphere.

A negatively charged subatomic particle that has a negligible mass and is found outside an atom’s nucleus.

Spherically shaped, negatively charged zones that surround the nucleus of an atom.

The change of state from a liquid to a solid.

The boundary between two adjoining air masses having contrasting characteristics.

The southern portion of Pangaea consisting of South America, Africa, Australia, India, and Antarctica.

The gradual subsidence of mountains caused by lateral spreading of weak material located deep within these structures.

See H-R diagram.

Seafloor sediments consisting of minerals that crystallize from seawater. An important example is manganese nodules.

A tentative explanation that is tested to determine if it is valid.

The height to which convectional movements extend above Earth’s surface. The greater the mixing depth, the better the air quality.

An extensive region on the ocean floor composed of thick accumulations of pillow basalts and other mafic rocks that in some cases exceed 30 kilometers in thickness.

A spherical shell composed of comets that orbit the Sun at distances generally greater than 10,000 times the Earth–Sun distance.

Two or more radio telescopes that combine their signals to achieve the resolving power of a larger telescope.

An instrument that records earthquake waves.

Lower limit of perennial snow.

The daily upslope winds commonly encountered in a mountain valley.