Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections 7th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

That portion of the ocean where there is no sunlight.

A compositional group of igneous rocks indicating that the rock contains substantial dark silicate minerals and calciumrich plagioclase feldspar.

The most common form of coal, often called soft, black coal.

The tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weak bonding.

An air mass that forms over land; it is normally relatively dry.

Everything that surrounds and influences an organism.

Process such as weathering, mass wasting, or erosion that is powered by the Sun and transforms solid rock into sediment.

A term found on some versions of the geologic time scale. It refers to the earliest interval (eon) of Earth history, and ended 4 billion years ago.

A measure of the degree of earthquake shaking at a given locale based on the amount of damage.

Date that specifies the actual number of years that have passed since an event occurred.

Incandescent volcanic debris buoyed up by hot gases that moves downslope in an avalanche fashion.

Passively drifting or weakly swimming organisms that cannot move independently of ocean currents. Includes microscopic algae, protozoa, jellyfish, and larval forms of many animals.

A cold air mass that forms in a high-latitude source region. Polar easterlies In the global pattern of prevailing winds, winds that blow from the polar high toward the subpolar low. These winds, however, should not be thought of as persistent winds, such as the trade winds.

The motion of one body about another, as Earth about the Sun.

Rock formed from the weathered products of preexisting rocks that have been transported, deposited, and lithified.

The O, A, and B horizons in a soil profile. Living roots and other plant and animal life are largely confined to this zone.

Any weathering process that tends to produce a spherical shape from an initially blocky shape.

See Divergent boundary.

The solstice that occurs on June 21–22 in the Northern Hemisphere and on December 21–22 in the Southern Hemisphere.

The condition of being more highly concentrated than is normally possible under given temperature and pressure conditions. When describing humidity, it refers to a relative humidity that is greater than 100 percent.