Solutions for Chapter 4: Biodiversity and Evolution

An unconformity in which the strata below dip at an angle different from that of the beds above.

A well in which the water rises above the level where it was initially encountered.

The totality of life on Earth; the parts of the solid Earth, hydrosphere, and atmosphere in which living organisms can be found.

The outer, tenuous layer of the solar atmosphere.

The apparent change in wavelength of radiation caused by the relative motions of the source and the observer.

An organism whose genetic material is enclosed in a nucleus; plants, animals, and fungi are eukaryotes.

The process of converting a liquid to a gas.

Fossil organisms that succeed one another in a definite and determinable order, and any time period can be recognized by its fossil content.

An ice-transported boulder that was not derived from bedrock near its present site.

An elongated, uplifted block of crust bounded by faults.

Forming where glacial ice flows into bays, it is a large, relatively flat mass of floating ice that extends seaward from the coast but remains attached to the land along one or more sides.

A chemical bond between two oppositely charged ions formed by the transfer of valence electrons from one atom to the other.

A mass of hotter-than-normal mantle material that ascends toward the surface, where it may lead to igneous activity. These plumes of solid yet mobile material may originate as deep as the core–mantle boundary.

A relatively flat, gently sloping plain consisting of materials deposited by meltwater streams in front of the margin of an ice sheet.

A cold air mass that forms in a high-latitude source region. Polar easterlies In the global pattern of prevailing winds, winds that blow from the polar high toward the subpolar low. These winds, however, should not be thought of as persistent winds, such as the trade winds.

Already identified deposits from which minerals can be extracted profitably.

The idea that the rifting and dispersal of one supercontinent is followed by a long period during which the fragments gradually reassemble into a new supercontinent.

Two belts of winds that blow almost constantly from easterly directions and are located on the equatorward sides of the subtropical highs.

Turbidity current deposit characterized by graded bedding.

A band along the ecliptic containing the 12 constellations of the zodiac.