Solutions for Chapter 8.5.1: Single PipesDetermine Pressure Drop

Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere.

Zone of inclined seismic activity that extends from a trench downward into the asthenosphere.

See Habit.

See Trench.

That portion of a stream’s load carried in solution.

The rate of temperature decrease with increasing height in the troposphere.

The division of Earth history into blocks of time—eons, eras, periods, and epochs. The time scale was created using relative dating principles.

A term used to describe the texture of certain igneous rocks, such as obsidian, that contain no crystals.

The average drop in temperature (6.5° C per kilometer; 3.5° F per 1,000 feet) with increased altitude in the troposphere.

A lunar rock formed when angular fragments and dust are welded together by the heat generated by the impact of a meteoroid.

The appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral.

Relatively small fragments of continental crust that may lie above sea level, such as the island of Madagascar, or be submerged, as exemplified by the Campbell Plateau located near New Zealand.

Lowest tidal range, occurring near the times of the first- and third-quarter phases of the Moon.

A continuous elevated zone on the floor of all the major ocean basins and varying in width from 500 to 5,000 kilometers (300–3,000 miles). The rifts at the crests of ridges represent divergent plate boundaries.

Usually a useful metallic mineral that can be mined at a profit. The term is also applied to certain nonmetallic minerals such as fluorite and sulfur.

The natural remnant magnetism in rock bodies. The permanent magnetization acquired by rock that can be used to determine the location of the magnetic poles and the latitude of the rock at the time it became magnetized.

A fault in which the material above the fault plane moves up in relation to the material below.

A large landmass that contains all, or nearly all, of the existing continents.

In any undeformed sequence of sedimentary rocks, each bed is older than the layers above and younger than the layers below.

The release of water vapor to the atmosphere by plants.