Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences (with Student Suite Online) 7th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

In hypothesis testing, an error incurred by failing to reject a null hypothesis when it is actually false (also called a type II error).

In a fractional factorial experiment when certain factor effects cannot be estimated uniquely, they are said to be aliased.

The arithmetic mean of a set of numbers x1 , x2 ,…, xn is their sum divided by the number of observations, or ( / )1 1 n xi t n ? = . The arithmetic mean is usually denoted by x , and is often called the average

A qualitative characteristic of an item or unit, usually arising in quality control. For example, classifying production units as defective or nondefective results in attributes data.

Sequences of independent trials with only two outcomes, generally called “success” and “failure,” in which the probability of success remains constant.

A graphical display of data in which the box contains the middle 50% of the data (the interquartile range) with the median dividing it, and the whiskers extend to the smallest and largest values (or some deined lower and upper limits).

A second-order response surface design in k variables consisting of a two-level factorial, 2k axial runs, and one or more center points. The two-level factorial portion of a CCD can be a fractional factorial design when k is large. The CCD is the most widely used design for itting a second-order model.

The probability of an event given that the random experiment produces an outcome in another event.

An estimator that converges in probability to the true value of the estimated parameter as the sample size increases.

A random variable with an interval (either inite or ininite) of real numbers for its range.

In the most general usage, a measure of the interdependence among data. The concept may include more than two variables. The term is most commonly used in a narrow sense to express the relationship between quantitative variables or ranks.

The cumulative distribution of the standard normal distribution, often denoted as ?( ) x and tabulated in Appendix Table II.

A quality tool that graphically shows the location of defects on a part or in a process.

W. Edwards Deming (1900–1993) was a leader in the use of statistical quality control.

Another name for a probability density function

An experiment in which the tests are planned in advance and the plans usually incorporate statistical models. See Experiment

A continuous random variable that is the sum of a ixed number of independent, exponential random variables.

A property of a collection of events that indicates that their union equals the sample space.

A random variable that generalizes an Erlang random variable to noninteger values of the parameter r

The harmonic mean of a set of data values is the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of the data values; that is, h n x i n i = ? ? ? ? ? = ? ? 1 1 1 1 g .