Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences (with Student Suite Online) 7th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

A formula used to determine the probability of the union of two (or more) events from the probabilities of the events and their intersection(s).

A method of decomposing the total variability in a set of observations, as measured by the sum of the squares of these observations from their average, into component sums of squares that are associated with speciic deined sources of variation

A method of variable selection in regression that begins with all of the candidate regressor variables in the model and eliminates the insigniicant regressors one at a time until only signiicant regressors remain

The joint probability distribution of two random variables.

An attribute control chart that plots the total number of defects per unit in a subgroup. Similar to a defects-per-unit or U chart.

The simplest form of the central limit theorem states that the sum of n independently distributed random variables will tend to be normally distributed as n becomes large. It is a necessary and suficient condition that none of the variances of the individual random variables are large in comparison to their sum. There are more general forms of the central theorem that allow ininite variances and correlated random variables, and there is a multivariate version of the theorem.

The portion of the variability in a set of observations that is due to only random forces and which cannot be traced to speciic sources, such as operators, materials, or equipment. Also called a common cause.

A subset selected without replacement from a set used to determine the number of outcomes in events and sample spaces.

A square matrix that contains the correlations among a set of random variables, say, XX X 1 2 k , ,…, . The main diagonal elements of the matrix are unity and the off-diagonal elements rij are the correlations between Xi and Xj .

The cumulative distribution of the standard normal distribution, often denoted as ?( ) x and tabulated in Appendix Table II.

A subset of effects in a fractional factorial design that deine the aliases in the design.

A management philosophy promoted by W. Edwards Deming that emphasizes the importance of change and quality

A subset of a sample space.

A signal from a control chart when no assignable causes are present

A model that contains only irstorder terms. For example, the irst-order response surface model in two variables is y xx = + ?? ? ? 0 11 2 2 + + . A irst-order model is also called a main effects model

A series of pair-wise hypothesis tests of treatment means in an experiment to determine which means differ.

In analysis of variance, a factor or effect is considered ixed if all the levels of interest for that factor are included in the experiment. Conclusions are then valid about this set of levels only, although when the factor is quantitative, it is customary to it a model to the data for interpolating between these levels.

See P chart

Another name for the normal distribution, based on the strong connection of Karl F. Gauss to the normal distribution; often used in physics and electrical engineering applications

In general, the agreement of a set of observed values and a set of theoretical values that depend on some hypothesis. The term is often used in itting a theoretical distribution to a set of observations.