Student's Solutions Manual for Statistics 13th Edition Solutions

A fractional factorial experiment with k factors tested in a 2 ? p fraction with all factors tested at only two levels (settings) each

In hypothesis testing, a region in the sample space of the test statistic such that if the test statistic falls within it, the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. This terminology is used because rejection of H0 is always a strong conclusion and acceptance of H0 is generally a weak conclusion

In a fractional factorial experiment when certain factor effects cannot be estimated uniquely, they are said to be aliased.

The portion of the variability in a set of observations that can be traced to speciic causes, such as operators, materials, or equipment. Also called a special cause.

An effect that systematically distorts a statistical result or estimate, preventing it from representing the true quantity of interest.

The simplest form of the central limit theorem states that the sum of n independently distributed random variables will tend to be normally distributed as n becomes large. It is a necessary and suficient condition that none of the variances of the individual random variables are large in comparison to their sum. There are more general forms of the central theorem that allow ininite variances and correlated random variables, and there is a multivariate version of the theorem.

An experiment in which the treatments (experimental conditions) that are to be studied are included in the experiment. The data from the experiment are used to evaluate the treatments.

The probability mass function of the conditional probability distribution of a discrete random variable.

A tabular arrangement expressing the assignment of members of a data set according to two or more categories or classiication criteria

A probability distribution for a continuous random variable.

A graphical display used to monitor a process. It usually consists of a horizontal center line corresponding to the in-control value of the parameter that is being monitored and lower and upper control limits. The control limits are determined by statistical criteria and are not arbitrary, nor are they related to speciication limits. If sample points fall within the control limits, the process is said to be in-control, or free from assignable causes. Points beyond the control limits indicate an out-of-control process; that is, assignable causes are likely present. This signals the need to ind and remove the assignable causes.

A square matrix that contains the correlations among a set of random variables, say, XX X 1 2 k , ,…, . The main diagonal elements of the matrix are unity and the off-diagonal elements rij are the correlations between Xi and Xj .

A control chart in which the point plotted at time t is the sum of the measured deviations from target for all statistics up to time t

An expression sometimes used for nonlinear regression models or polynomial regression models.

The number of independent comparisons that can be made among the elements of a sample. The term is analogous to the number of degrees of freedom for an object in a dynamic system, which is the number of independent coordinates required to determine the motion of the object.

A matrix that provides the tests that are to be conducted in an experiment.

The error sum of squares divided by its number of degrees of freedom.

Effects in a fractional factorial experiment that are used to construct the experimental tests used in the experiment. The generators also deine the aliases.

A discrete random variable that is the number of Bernoulli trials until a success occurs.

In general, the agreement of a set of observed values and a set of theoretical values that depend on some hypothesis. The term is often used in itting a theoretical distribution to a set of observations.