Elementary Statistics: A Step By Step Approach 9th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

In hypothesis testing, an error incurred by rejecting a null hypothesis when it is actually true (also called a type I error).

A variation of the R 2 statistic that compensates for the number of parameters in a regression model. Essentially, the adjustment is a penalty for increasing the number of parameters in the model. Alias. In a fractional factorial experiment when certain factor effects cannot be estimated uniquely, they are said to be aliased.

See Arithmetic mean.

A set of rules that probabilities deined on a sample space must follow. See Probability

Sequences of independent trials with only two outcomes, generally called “success” and “failure,” in which the probability of success remains constant.

When y fx = ( ) and y is considered to be caused by x, x is sometimes called a causal variable

A continuous random variable that results from the sum of squares of independent standard normal random variables. It is a special case of a gamma random variable.

See R 2 .

An experiment in which the treatments (experimental conditions) that are to be studied are included in the experiment. The data from the experiment are used to evaluate the treatments.

The variance of the conditional probability distribution of a random variable.

If it is possible to write a probability statement of the form PL U ( ) ? ? ? ? = ?1 where L and U are functions of only the sample data and ? is a parameter, then the interval between L and U is called a conidence interval (or a 100 1( )% ? ? conidence interval). The interpretation is that a statement that the parameter ? lies in this interval will be true 100 1( )% ? ? of the times that such a statement is made

A continuous random variable with range of a inite interval and a constant probability density function.

A control chart in which the point plotted at time t is the sum of the measured deviations from target for all statistics up to time t

Used in statistical quality control, a defect is a particular type of nonconformance to speciications or requirements. Sometimes defects are classiied into types, such as appearance defects and functional defects.

See U chart

The amount of variability exhibited by data

A study in which a sample from a population is used to make inference to the population. See Analytic study

The numerical value of a point estimator.

A series of tests in which changes are made to the system under study

A method of variable selection in regression, where variables are inserted one at a time into the model until no other variables that contribute signiicantly to the model can be found.