CHEM 2153: Organic Chemistry Laboratory I

We explore the impact of increasing the concentration of ethylene glycol in an antifreeze mixture, explaining the resulting effect on the freezing point of the solution by examining its interaction with water molecules.

When an ionic compound dissolves in water, it undergoes dissociation into its constituent ions. The total moles of ions released is determined by adding up the moles of each ion generated during this dissociation process. In the case of (a) disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na?HPO?), it dissociates into two sodium ions and one hydrogen phosphate ion. For (b) copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO? · 5H?O), it dissociates into one copper ion and one sulfate ion. In (c), nickel(II) chloride (NiCl?) diss

Discover how to precisely calculate mass, moles, formula units, and atoms in various compounds. Understand the concept with examples like chromium(III) sulfate decahydrate, dichlorine heptoxide, and lithium sulfate. Master chemistry calculations through a step-by-step guide.

Explore why fluorine, with its seven valence electrons, doesn't form compounds like FH? or FCl?. Understand the role of VSEPR theory, atomic size, and electronegativity in limiting bond formation. Grasp the interplay of geometric challenges and electron repulsion in compound stability.