BIO 220: Advanced Cell Biology

Explore how viruses replicate and the various ways in which new viruses emerge. Understand the importance of mutation, cross-species transmission, and the significance of wider spread in host species for disease control strategies.

Explore the fascinating process of protein digestion, debunking misconceptions about where it starts. Discover the roles of enzymes like pepsin and HCl in breaking down proteins in the stomach.

Explore the foundational principles of Hutton and Lyell, which shaped Darwin's evolutionary ideas. Understand uniformitarianism, deep time, and geographical patterns that inspired Darwin's theory. Discover how geology influenced biological understanding.

Discover the differences between hydrocarbons and other organic molecules. While hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen, other organic molecules integrate more elements and functional groups. This distinction leads to diverse chemical properties and vital biological functions.

Uncover the intricacies of adaptive radiation, the rapid diversification of species into new ecological niches. Understand factors that drive this phenomenon and how genetic drift stands as an exception. Learn the role of evolutionary innovations and interactions in species divergence.

Venture into the intricate mechanisms of a eukaryotic cell as we clarify the conditions under which transcription begins. Discover the pivotal role of the promoter and the essential docking of transcription factors.