BIOLOGY 4000: Basic and Practical Microbiology

Grasp the fundamentals of how neurons transmit electrical signals through action potentials. Understand the crucial role of myelination and fiber diameter in efficient nerve impulse conduction. Dive into the comparisons of different nerve fiber types and their properties.

Discover the multifaceted role of cytokines as the body's cellular messengers. Uncover their pivotal tasks in regulating immune and inflammatory responses. Dive into their significance in cell growth, differentiation, and inter-cellular communication.

Discover the significance of protobionts in the evolution of life, acting as a bridge from non-living to living entities. Understand their boundary formations akin to cell membranes and their rudimentary replication methods. Gain insights into the pivotal role they played in life's origin story.

Unlock the intricacies of kidney function as we focus on the role of nephrons and their specific components in regulating water recovery or disposal. Understand how collecting ducts are the main player in this process and debunk common misconceptions about other nephron parts.

Explore the concept of semiconservative DNA replication, where each new DNA molecule retains one original strand. Understand the significance of this mechanism in ensuring accurate genetic information transfer across cell generations.

Explore the intricate eukaryotic cell structure, from the protective plasma membrane to the vital organelles. Learn how DNA, ribosomes, and the cytoskeleton play pivotal roles in cellular function. Dive deep into the world of mitochondria, ER, and the Golgi apparatus.