Decades ago, it was thought that huge herbivorousdinosaurs such as Apatosaurus and
Chapter 14, Problem 56(choose chapter or problem)
Decades ago, it was thought that huge herbivorousdinosaurs such as Apatosaurus and Brachiosaurus habituallywalked on the bottom of lakes, extending theirlong necks up to the surface to breathe. Brachiosaurushad its nostrils on the top of its head. In 1977, KnutSchmidt-Nielsen pointed out that breathing would betoo much work for such a creature. For a simple model,consider a sample consisting of 10.0 L of air at absolutepressure 2.00 atm, with density 2.40 kg/m3, located atthe surface of a freshwater lake. Find the work requiredto transport it to a depth of 10.3 m, with its temperature,volume, and pressure remaining constant. Thisenergy investment is greater than the energy that canbe obtained by metabolism of food with the oxygen inthat quantity of air.
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