Identify the following by describing their functions: EF-G, EF-Tu, EF-Ts, EF-P, and peptidyl transferase.

Step 1 of 2

1. EF-G (Elongation Factor G): EF-G is an elongation factor in protein synthesis. Its main function is to facilitate the translocation step during translation. After forming a peptide bond between the amino acid in the A site and the growing polypeptide chain, EF-G binds to the ribosome and promotes the movement of the mRNA concerning the ribosome. This movement exposes the next codon in the mRNA for the binding of a new aminoacyl tRNA.

2. EF-Tu (Elongation Factor Tu): EF-Tu is another elongation factor crucial in protein synthesis. It is responsible for delivering the aminoacyl tRNA to the A site of the ribosome. EF-Tu forms a complex with GTP and the aminoacyl tRNA, and this complex binds to the A site of the ribosome. Suppose the codon in the mRNA matches the anticodon of the tRNA. In that case, GTP is hydrolyzed, and EF-Tu is released, allowing the aminoacyl tRNA to be properly positioned for peptide bond formation.

3. EF-Ts (Elongation Factor Ts): EF-Ts is an elongation factor that functions in the regeneration of EF-Tu. After EF-Tu releases the aminoacyl tRNA into the A site, EF-Ts binds to EF-Tu and facilitates the exchange of GDP for GTP. This regeneration of EF-Tu with GTP allows it to bind to another aminoacyl tRNA and repeat the process.