Write the complete orbital diagram for each of the following elements, using boxes to represent orbitals and arrows to represent electrons. a. aluminum, Z 5 13 b. phosphorus, Z 5 15 c. bromine, Z 5 35 d. argon, Z 5 18

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Electron configuration, which is the arrangement of electrons in an atom, follows three primary rules: the Aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule. The Aufbau principle guides the sequential filling of orbitals, starting from the lowest energy level and moving upwards. The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in the same atom can have identical quantum numbers, which means electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins. Hund's rule specifies that electrons fill degenerate (same energy level) orbitals singly before pairing up.