(II) A typical atom has a diameter of about 1.0 X

1. How is total magnification of an image determined ­Objective magnificationx10 2. Determine population size using mark­recapture method ­N=(M1)(T2)/(M2) ­M1=# marked and released (given) ­M2=# marked counted ­T2= total number counted 3. Determine population size using removal sampling method ­Plot # removed each period on Y axis ­Plot # previously removed on X axis ­Where line crosses X axis=population size 4. Determine species diversity using shannon wiener index ­H=­Epixlnpi ­pi=# species divded by total ­multiply pi by ln of pi and sum all up 5. Determine community with highest species richness from data provided ­which population has the most # of different species 6. Distinguish between a monocot and eudicot flower, a perfect and imperfect flower, a complete and incomplete flower ­Monocot=parts occur in 3’s or mulitiples of 3’s ­Eudicot=parts occur in 4’s or 5’s or multiples of that ­Perfect=have both stamens and carples ­Imperfect=have stames and no carples or carples but no stames ­Complete=have all 4 parts (sepals, petals, stames, carpels/pistils) ­Incomplete=lack any of the floral parts 7. Identify functions of each parts of a flower ­Sepals (collectively known as the calyx)=protect flower byd ­Petals (collectively known as the corrolia)= attract polinators ­Stamen=male reproductive structure and contains filament and anther ­Anther=where pollen grains develop ­Carpel=female reproductive system and contains stigma, style, and ovary ­Stigma=where pollen grains attach ­Style=connects stigma and ovary ­Ovary=contains ovules that develop into seeds after fertilized. Also develops in a fruit. 8. Determine anthocyanin concentration given data ­Anthocyanin= A530nm­(.24 x A653nm) 9. Determine Chlorophyll A concentration given data Chl a= (15.65 x A666nm)­(7.34xA653nm) 10. Determine chlorophyll b concentration given data ­Chl b=(27.05 x A653nm)­(11.21xA666nm) 11. Determine chloroplast concentration in a leaf from counts obtained using a hemocytometer ­(# chloroplasts (chamber 1)+# chloroplasts (chamber 2) / 2) x 10,000 x dilution factor 12. Key steps involved when performing cell/chloroplast counts using a hemocytometer ­40x objective lens ­count # cells in 4 corner squares and 1 middle square ­dont include ones touching right or lower parts ­multiply by 5 () ­do same for other chamber 13. Determine glucose concentration in a sample using regression equation ­plg absorbance into y and solve for x (protein) 14. Interpret effects of density on protein expression from banding patterns on a gel ­heavier molecules will move more slowly and migrate a shorter distance down the gel 15. Distinguish between native PAGE and SDS­PAGE electrophoretic techniques ­Native= no denaturing agents used which preserves original structure and biological function of proteins ­SDS=proteins denatured with SDS and reducing aents and the buffer also contains SDS 16, Describe effects of cold temperature stress on plants ­They accumulate sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucroses) and increase activity of peroxide enzyme 17.Interepret correlation coefficient ­under .3=weak ­.3­.5= ,moderate ­over .7 is strong 18. Determine enzyme activity from data plotted in excel ­slope of line=activity of enzyme ­slope=rise/run 19. Identify function and structures of each plant organ, tissue, and structure examined in lab Hydrophyte=wet Mesophyte=Moist Xerophyte=dry Ground Tissues: all related to support, storage, photosynthesis, and wound healing ­Parenchyma=photosynthesis, storage, and wound healing ­Collenchyma= Provides structural support in stem and leaf stalks ­Sclerenchyma=Provides structural support in all parts of the plant body Vascular Tissues: Transport ofminerals, water, and photsynthetic products ­Xylem=transports water and minerals ­Phloem=tranports sugars and other photosynthetic products Dermal Tissues: Outer protective covering of plant body In leaves: -Xerophyte→ thick cuticle, multiple epiermal layers, and more stomata than other 2 -Hyrdophyte/mesophyte → large air spaces, stomata only in upper epidermis or absent For stems: Xerophyte→ mainly collenchyma in cortex Hydrophye→ large cortex and air spaces Mesophyte→ closely packed cortical cells and no large air spaces in cortex For Root: Hydrophyte→ poorly developed xyem and large amount of pholem, cortex has large air spaces Xerophytes→ xylem well developed