When fluid flows through an abrupt expansion as indicated
Chapter 5, Problem 5.133(choose chapter or problem)
When fluid flows through an abrupt expansion as indicated in Fig. P5.133, the loss in available energy across the expansion, \(\mathrm{loss_{ex}}\), is often expressed as
\(\operatorname{loss}_{\mathrm{ex}}=\left(1-\frac{A_{1}}{A_{2}}\right)^{2} \frac{V_{1}^{2}}{2}\)
where \(A_1\) cross-sectional area upstream of expansion, \(A_2\) = cross-sectional area downstream of expansion, and \(V_1\) = velocity of flow upstream of expansion. Derive this relationship.
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