In 12.20 and 12.25, we estimated the earths surface

Chapter , Problem 13.46

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In 12.20 and 12.25, we estimated the earths surface temperature, assuming the earth is black. Most of the earths surface is water, which has a hemispherical emissivity of 0.96. In reality, the water surface is not flat but has waves and ripples. (a) Assuming the wave geometry can be closely approximated as two-dimensional and as shown in the schematic, determine the effective emissivity of the water surface, as defined in 13.43, for 3/4. (b) Calculate and plot the effective emissivity of the water surface, normalized by the hemispherical emissivity of water (eff/) over the range /2 . 1

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