The early Universe was dense with gamma-ray photons of

Chapter 46, Problem 41

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The early Universe was dense with gamma-ray photons of energy , k BT and at such a high temperature that protons and antiprotons were created by the process g S p 1 p as rapidly as they annihilated each other. As the Universe cooled in adiabatic expansion, its temperature fell below a certain value and proton pair production became rare. At that time, slightly more protons than antiprotons existed, and essentially all the protons in the Universe today date from that time. (a) Estimate the order of magnitude of the temperature of the Universe when protons condensed out. (b) Estimate the order of magnitude of the temperature of the Universe when electrons condensed out.

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