Have you ever wondered whether soccer players sufferadverse effects from hitting

Chapter 14, Problem 47

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Have you ever wondered whether soccer players sufferadverse effects from hitting headers? The authors ofthe article No Evidence of Impaired NeurocognitivePerformance in Collegiate Soccer Players (Amer. J.of Sports Med., 2002: 157162) investigated this issuefrom several perspectives.a. The paper reported that 45 of the 91 soccer playersin their sample had suffered at least one concussion,28 of 96 nonsoccer athletes had suffered at least oneconcussion, and only 8 of 53 student controls hadsuffered at least one concussion. Analyze this dataand draw appropriate conclusions.b. For the soccer players, the sample correlation coefficient calculated from the values of x 5 soccerexposure (total number of competitive seasonsplayed prior to enrollment in the study) and y 5score on an immediate memory recall test wasr 5 2.220. Interpret this result.c. Here is summary information on scores on a controlledoral word-association test for the soccer andnonsoccer athletes:n1 5 26, x1 5 37.50, s1 5 9.13n2 5 56, x2 5 39.63, s2 5 10.19Analyze this data and draw appropriate conclusions.d. Considering the number of prior nonsoccer concussions,the values of mean 6 sd for the three groupswere .30 6 .67, .49 6 .87, and .19 6 .48. Analyzethis data and draw appropriate conclusions.