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Sample A study in South Africa focusing on the impact of
Chapter 5, Problem 44E(choose chapter or problem)
Problem 44E
Sample A study in South Africa focusing on the impact of health insurance identified 1590 children at birth and then sought to conduct follow-up health studies 5 years later. Only 416 of the original group participated in the 5-year follow-up study. This made researchers concerned that the follow-up group might not accurately resemble the total group in terms of health insurance. The table in the next column summarizes the two groups by race and by presence of medical insurance when the child was born. Carefully explain how this study demonstrates Simpson’s paradox. (Birth to Ten Study, Medical Research Council, South Africa)
Number (%) Insured | |||
|
Follow-Up |
Not Traced |
|
Race |
Black |
36 of 404 (8.9%) |
91 of 1048 (8.7%) |
|
White |
10 of 12 (83.3%) |
104 of 126 (82.5%) |
|
Overall |
46 of 416 (11.1%) |
195 of 1174 (16.6%) |
Questions & Answers
QUESTION:
Problem 44E
Sample A study in South Africa focusing on the impact of health insurance identified 1590 children at birth and then sought to conduct follow-up health studies 5 years later. Only 416 of the original group participated in the 5-year follow-up study. This made researchers concerned that the follow-up group might not accurately resemble the total group in terms of health insurance. The table in the next column summarizes the two groups by race and by presence of medical insurance when the child was born. Carefully explain how this study demonstrates Simpson’s paradox. (Birth to Ten Study, Medical Research Council, South Africa)
Number (%) Insured | |||
|
Follow-Up |
Not Traced |
|
Race |
Black |
36 of 404 (8.9%) |
91 of 1048 (8.7%) |
|
White |
10 of 12 (83.3%) |
104 of 126 (82.5%) |
|
Overall |
46 of 416 (11.1%) |
195 of 1174 (16.6%) |
ANSWER:
Step 1 of 2
Simpson's paradox is a statistical phenomenon in which a trend appears in different groups of data but disappears or reverses when these groups are combined.
In other words, it's a phenomenon where an association between two variables in a population emerges, disappears or reverses when the population is divided into subpopulations.