(a) In what direction would the ship in Exercise 3.57 have to travel in order to have a velocity straight north relative to the Earth, assuming its speed relative to the water remains 7.00 m/s ? (b) What would its speed be relative to the Earth?
3.1 The Ancient Roots of Science Wednesday, September 7, 2016 12:56 PM In what ways do most humans use scientific thinking • Scientific thinking is based on everydayideas of observationand trial-and-error experiments • Carefully organized, though How did astronomical observations benefit ancient societies • In keeping track of time and seasons ○ For practical purposes, including agriculture ○ For religious and ceremonialpurposes ○ (sun dials, medicine wheels, Stonehenge) • Meridiem ○ Ante meridiem - AM ○ Post meridiem - PM How did astronomical observations benefit ancient societies • In aiding navigation • Days of the week were named for the Sun, Moon, and visible planets ○ Sunday (sun-day) ○ Monday (moon-day) What did ancient civilizationsachieve in astronomy • Daily timekeeping • Tracking the seasons and calendar • Monitoring lunar cycles • Monitoring planets and stars • Predicting eclipses • And more… • Conjunction - same location longitudinally as the as the Sun • Opposition - 180 degrees away in longitude along the Sun's path 3.2 Ancient Greek Science Wednesday, September 7, 2016 1:24 PM Why does modern science trace its roots to Greece • (centrally located, Alexander the Great, Alexandria, Aristotle, Socrates) • Library of Alexandria ○ Half a million books/scrolls ○ Burned down • Greeks were the first people credited with making modelsof nature • They tried to explain patterns in nature without resorting to myth or
