Doctoral Degrees In 2008 in the United States, there were 7508 doctoral degrees awarded

Chapter 3, Problem 69

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Doctoral Degrees In 2008 in the United States, there were 7508 doctoral degrees awarded in the social sciences, of which 4387 were awarded to females; 4721 doctoral degrees awarded in humanities, of which 2256 were awarded to males; and 6577 doctoral degrees awarded in education, of which 4414 were awarded to females. In 2007, there were 7193 doctoral degrees awarded in the social sciences, of which 4214 were awarded to females; 5106 doctoral degrees awarded in humanities, of which 2588 were awarded to males; and 6443 doctoral degrees awarded in education, of which 4340 were awarded to females. (a) Write matrices for each year, depicting the three fields of doctoral degrees awarded by gender. (b) Use matrix addition to find the total number of doctoral degrees awarded by gender over the two years. (c) Use matrix subtraction to find the difference in the number of doctoral degrees awarded by gender from 2007 to 2008. Sources: NSF/NIH/USED/NEH/USDA/NASA, 2007 Survey of Earned Doctorates; 2008 Survey of Earned Doctorates