Air at T1 = 300 K, p1 = 303 kPa, and V1 = 0.5 m/s enters theVenturi shown in Fig. P5.43. The air leaves at T2 = 220 K and p2 =101 kPa; A1 = 0.6 m2 and A2 = 1.0 m2. Calculate the horizontalforce required to hold the Venturi stationary.
Biol 4305 February 23rd Clines Mating with individuals nearby(isolation by distance) can cause alleles to flow across distances across time. [smallpox] Can produc clines: o Continuous change in allele frequency along a geographical transect Study and estimates of gene flow Directly o Radiotelemety o We have 3 rats o Measuring migration o Bad: cannot use it for all groups Movement and migration does not = gene flow Limited time frame Long range/accidental movement ends up in gene flow Indirectly o Based on the idea of population genetic structure o Assume they are in HW o Trying to see if allelelic few have a geographic component to their distribution o Expectations of genetypic freq Distributions f heterozygosity (2pq) Use FST (fixation index) Measures the distribution of variation in allelic frequencies amoug & in between populations Null---> no differences- all sub populations are connected OR gene flow is really high We estimate FST= Ht-Hs (heterozygosity) all over/ Ht Ht= total heterozygosity Ha= individual sub population heterozygosity Empty P Q 2pq Subp1 .7 .3 .42 S