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Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change | 5th Edition | ISBN: 9780077216504 | Authors: Martin S. Silberberg

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5th Edition solutions

Author: Martin S. Silberberg
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math
ISBN: 9780077216504
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Chapter 23 Problems

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.1

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
How is the n value of the d sublevel of a transition element related to the period number of the element?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.2

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Write the general electron configuration of a transition element (a) in Period 5; (b) in Period 6.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.3

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What is the general rule concerning the order in which electrons are removed from a transition metal atom to form an ion? Give an example from Group 5B(5). Name two types of measurements used to study electron configurations of ions

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.4

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What is the maximum number of unpaired d electrons that an atom or ion can possess? Give an example of an atom and an ion that have this number

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.5

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
How does the variation in atomic size across a transition series contrast with the change across the main-group elements of the same period? Why?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.6

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
(a) What is the lanthanide contraction? (b) How does it affect atomic size down a group of transition elements? (c) How does it influence the densities of the Period 6 transition elements?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.7

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
(a) What is the range in electronegativity across the first (3d) transition series? (b) What is the range across Period 4 of maingroup elements? (c) Explain the difference.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.8

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
(a) Explain the major difference between the number of oxidation states of most transition elements and that of most mainsiL48593_ch23_1022-1063 12:11:07 13:39pm Page 1058 Apago PDF Enhancer group elements. (b) Why is the 2 oxidation state so common among transition elements?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.9

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
(a) What behavior distinguishes paramagnetic and diamagnetic substances? (b) Why are paramagnetic ions common among transition elements but not main-group elements? (c) Why are colored solutions of metal ions common among transition elements but not main-group elements?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.10

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Using the periodic table to locate each element, write the electron configuration of (a) V; (b) Y; (c) Hg.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.11

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Using the periodic table to locate each element, write the electron configuration of (a) Ru; (b) Cu; (c) Ni.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.12

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Using the periodic table to locate each element, write the electron configuration of (a) Zn; (b) Mn; (c) Re.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.13

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Give the electron configuration and the number of unpaired electrons for (a) Sc3; (b) Cu2; (c) Fe3; (d) Nb3. 23

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.14

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Give the electron configuration and the number of unpaired electrons for: (a) Cr3; (b) Ti4; (c) Co3; (d) Ta2. 23

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.15

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What is the highest oxidation state for (a) Ta; (b) Zr; (c) Mn?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.16

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What is the highest oxidation state for (a) Nb; (b) Y; (c) Tc?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.17

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What is the highest oxidation state for (a) Nb; (b) Y; (c) Tc?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.18

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Which transition metals have a maximum O.N. of 6?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.19

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Which transition metals have a maximum O.N. of 4?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.20

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
In which compound does Cr exhibit greater metallic behavior, CrF2 or CrF6? Explain.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.21

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
VF5 is a liquid that boils at 48C, whereas VF3 is a solid that melts above 800C. Explain this difference in properties.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.22

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
2 Is it more difficult to oxidize Cr or Mo? Explain.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.23

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Is MnO4 or ReO4 a stronger oxidizing agent? Explain.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 24

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Which oxide, CrO3 or CrO, is more acidic in water? Why?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.25

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Which oxide, Mn2O3 or Mn2O7, is more basic in water? Why?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.26

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
The green patina of Cu-alloy roofs results from corrosion in the presence of O2, H2O, CO2, and sulfur compounds. The other members of Group 1B(11), Ag and Au, do not form a patina. Corrosion of Cu and Ag in the presence of sulfur compounds leads to a black tarnish, but Au does not tarnish. This patte

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.27

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What atomic property of the lanthanides leads to their remarkably similar chemical properties?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.28

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
(a) What is the maximum number of unpaired electrons in a lanthanide ion? (b) How does this number relate to occupancy of the 4f subshell?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.29

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Which of the actinides are radioactive?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.30

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Give the electron configuration of (a) La; (b) Ce3; (c) Es; (d) U4.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.31

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Give the electron configuration of (a) Pm; (b) Lu3; (c) Th; (d) Fm3.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.32

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Only a few lanthanides show an oxidation state other than 3. Two of these, europium (Eu) and terbium (Tb), are found near the middle of the series, and their unusual oxidation states can be associated with a half-filled f subshell. (a) Write the electron configurations of Eu2, Eu3, and Eu4. Why is Eu

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.33

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Cerium (Ce) and ytterbium (Yb) exhibit some oxidation states in addition to 3. (a) Write the electron configurations of Ce2, Ce3, and Ce4. (b) Write the electron configurations of Yb2, Yb3, and Yb4. (c) In addition to the 3 ions, the ions Ce4 and Yb2 are stable. Suggest a reason for this stability. P

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.34

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Which lanthanide has the maximum number of unpaired electrons in both its atom and 3 ion? Give the number of unpaired electrons in the atom and ion.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.35

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Why is chromium so useful for decorative electroplating?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.36

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What is valence-state electronegativity? Explain the change in acidity of the oxides of Mn with changing O.N. of the metal.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.37

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What property does manganese confer to steel?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.38

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Why is silver used in jewelry and other decorative objects?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.39

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
How is a photographic latent image different from the image you see on a piece of developed film?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.40

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Why is mercury a liquid? Why does it have a 1 ion?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.41

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
When a basic solution of Cr(OH)4 ion is slowly acidified, solid Cr(OH)3 precipitates and then redissolves in excess acid. If Cr(OH)4 exists as Cr(H2O)2(OH)4 , write equations that represent these two reactions.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.42

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Use the following data to determine if Cr2(aq) can be prepared by the reaction of Cr(s) with Cr3(aq): Cr3(aq) e Cr2(aq) E ? 0.41 V Cr3(aq) 3e Cr(s) E ? 0.74 V Cr2(aq) 2e Cr(s) E ? 0.91 V 23.43 When so

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.43

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
When solid CrO3 is dissolved in water, the solution is orange rather than the yellow of H2CrO4. How does this observation indicate that CrO3 is an acidic oxide?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.44

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Solutions of KMnO4 are used in redox titrations because dark purple MnO4 oxidizing agent changes to the faint pink Mn2 as it is reduced. The end point occurs when a slight purple remains as more KMnO4 is added. If a sample that has reached this end point stands for a long time, the purple fades and a

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.45

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Describe the makeup of a complex ion, including the nature of the ligands and their interaction with the central metal ion. Explain how a complex ion can be positive or negative and how it occurs as part of a neutral coordination compound.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.46

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What electronic feature must a donor atom of a ligand have?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.47

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What is the coordination number of a metal ion in a complex ion? How does it differ from oxidation number?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.48

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What structural feature is characteristic of a chelate?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.49

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What geometries are associated with the coordination numbers 2, 4, and 6?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.50

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What are the coordination numbers of cobalt(III), platinum(II), and platinum(IV) in complexes?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.51

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
How is a complex ion a Lewis adduct?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.52

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What does the ending -ate signify in a complex ion name?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.53

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
In what order are the metal ion and ligands given in the name of a complex ion?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.54

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Is a linkage isomer a type of constitutional isomer or stereoisomer? Explain.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.55

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Give systematic names for the following formulas: (a) [Ni(H2O)6]Cl2 (b) [Cr(en)3](ClO4)3 (c) K4[Mn(CN)6]

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.56

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Give systematic names for the following formulas: (a) [Co(NH3)4(NO2)2]Cl (b) [Cr(NH3)6][Cr(CN)6] (c) K2[CuCl4]

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.57

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What are the charge and coordination number of the central metal ion(s) in each compound of Problem 23.55?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.58

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What are the charge and coordination number of the central metal ion(s) in each compound of Problem 23.56?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.59

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Give systematic names for the following formulas: (a) K[Ag(CN)2] (b) Na2[CdCl4] (c) [Co(NH3)4(H2O)Br]Br2

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.60

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Give systematic names for the following formulas: (a) K[Pt(NH3)Cl5] (b) [Cu(en)(NH3)2][Co(en)Cl4] (c) [Pt(en)2Br2](ClO4)2

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.61

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What are the charge and coordination number of the central metal ion(s) in each compound of Problem 23.59?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.62

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What are the charge and coordination number of the central metal ion(s) in each compound of Problem 23.60?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.63

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Give formulas corresponding to the following names: (a) Tetraamminezinc sulfate (b) Pentaamminechlorochromium(III) chloride (c) Sodium bis(thiosulfato)argentate(I)

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.64

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Give formulas corresponding to the following names: (a) Dibromobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) sulfate (b) Hexaamminechromium(III) tetrachlorocuprate(II) (c) Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II)

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.65

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What is the coordination number of the metal ion and the number of individual ions per formula unit in each of the compounds in Problem 23.63?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.66

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What is the coordination number of the metal ion and the number of individual ions per formula unit in each of the compounds in Problem 23.64?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.67

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Give formulas corresponding to the following names: (a) Hexaaquachromium(III) sulfate (b) Barium tetrabromoferrate(III) (c) Bis(ethylenediamine)platinum(II) carbonate

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.68

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Give formulas corresponding to the following names: (a) Potassium tris(oxalato)chromate(III) (b) Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) pentacyanoiodomanganate(II) (c) Diamminediaquabromochloroaluminum nitrate

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.69

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Give the coordination number of the metal ion and the number of ions per formula unit in each compound in Problem 23.67.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.70

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Give the coordination number of the metal ion and the number of ions per formula unit in each compound in Problem 23.68.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.71

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Which of these ligands can participate in linkage isomerism: (a) NO2 ; (b) SO2; (c) NO3 ? Explain with Lewis structures.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.72

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Which of these ligands can participate in linkage isomerism: (a) SCN; (b) S2O3 2 (thiosulfate); (c) HS? Explain with Lewis structures. 2

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.73

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
For any of the following that can exist as isomers, state the type of isomerism and draw the structures: (a) [Pt(CH3NH2)2Br2] (b) [Pt(NH3)2FCl] (c) [Pt(H2O)(NH3)FCl]

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.74

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
For any of the following that can exist as isomers, state the type of isomerism and draw the structures: (a) [Zn(en)F2] (b) [Zn(H2O)(NH3)FCl] (c) [Pd(CN)2(OH)2] 2

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.75

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
For any of the following that can exist as isomers, state the type of isomerism and draw the structures: (a) [PtCl2Br2] 2 (b) [Cr(NH3)5(NO2)]2 (c) [Pt(NH3)4I2] 2 2

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.76

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
For any of the following that can exist as isomers, state the type of isomerism and draw the structures: (a) [Co(NH3)5Cl]Br2 (b) [Pt(CH3NH2)3Cl]Br (c) [Fe(H2O)4(NH3)2] 2

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.77

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Chromium(III), like cobalt(III), has a coordination number of 6 in many of its complex ions. Compounds are known that have the traditional formula CrCl3 nNH3, where n ? 3 to 6. Which of the compounds has an electrical conductivity in aqueous solution similar to that of an equimolar NaCl solution?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.78

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
When MCl4(NH3)2 is dissolved in water and treated with AgNO3, 2 mol of AgCl precipitates immediately for each mole of MCl4(NH3)2. Give the coordination number of M in the complex

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.79

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Palladium, like its group neighbor platinum, forms fourcoordinate Pd(II) and six-coordinate Pd(IV) complexes. Write modern formulas for the complexes with these compositions: (a) PdK(NH3)Cl3 (b) PdCl2(NH3)2 (c) PdK2Cl6 (d) Pd(NH3)4Cl4

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.80

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
(a) What is a coordinate covalent bond? (b) Is it involved when FeCl3 dissolves in water? Explain. (c) Is it involved when HCl gas dissolves in water? Explain

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.81

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
According to valence bond theory, what set of orbitals is used by a Period 4 metal ion in forming (a) a square planar complex; (b) a tetrahedral complex?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.82

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
A metal ion uses d2 sp3 orbitals when forming a complex. What is its coordination number and the shape of the complex?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.83

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
A complex in solution absorbs green light. What is the color of the solution?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.84

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
In terms of the theory of color absorption, explain two ways that a solution can be blue.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.85

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
(a) What is the crystal field splitting energy ( )? (b) How does it arise for an octahedral field of ligands? (c) How is it different for a tetrahedral field of ligands?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.86

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
What is the distinction between a weak-field ligand and a strong-field ligand? Give an example of each.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.87

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Is a complex with the same number of unpaired electrons as the free gaseous metal ion termed high spin or low spin?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.88

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
How do the relative magnitudes of Epairing and affect the paramagnetism of a complex?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.89

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Why are there both high-spin and low-spin octahedral complexes but only high-spin tetrahedral complexes?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.90

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Give the number of d electrons (n of dn ) for the central metal ion in (a) [TiCl6] 2; (b) K[AuCl4]; (c) [RhCl6] 3.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.91

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Give the number of d electrons (n of dn ) for the central metal ion in (a) [Cr(H2O)6](ClO3)2; (b) [Mn(CN)6] 2; (c) [Ru(NO)(en)2Cl]Br.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.92

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
How many d electrons (n of dn ) are in the central metal ion in (a) Ca[IrF6]; (b) [HgI4] 2; (c) [Co(EDTA)]2?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.93

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
How many d electrons (n of dn ) are in the central metal ion in (a) [Ru(NH3)5Cl]SO4; (b) Na2[Os(CN)6]; (c) [Co(NH3)4CO3I]?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.94

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Sketch the orientation of the orbitals relative to the ligands in an octahedral complex to explain the splitting and the relative energies of the dxy and the orbitals.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.95

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
The two eg orbitals are identical in energy in an octahedral complex but have different energies in a square planar complex, with the orbital being much lower in energy than the . Explain with orbital sketches.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.96

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Which of these ions cannot form both high- and low-spin octahedral complexes: (a) Ti3; (b) Co2; (c) Fe2; (d) Cu2? 23

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.97

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Which of these ions cannot form both high- and low-spin octahedral complexes: (a) Mn3; (b) Nb3; (c) Ru3; (d) Ni2? 23

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.98

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Draw orbital-energy splitting diagrams and use the spectrochemical series to show the orbital occupancy for each of the following (assuming that H2O is a weak-field ligand): (a) [Cr(H2O)6] 3 (b) [Cu(H2O)4]

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.99

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Draw orbital-energy splitting diagrams and use the spectrochemical series to show the orbital occupancy for each of the following (assuming that H2O is a weak-field ligand): (a) [Cr(CN)6] 3 (b) [Rh(CO)6] 3 (c) [Co(OH)6] 4 2

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.100

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Draw orbital-energy splitting diagrams and use the spectrochemical series to show the orbital occupancy for each of the following (assuming that H2O is a weak-field ligand): (a) [MoCl6] 3 (b) [Ni(H2O)6] 2 (c) [Ni(CN)4] 2 23

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.101

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Draw orbital-energy splitting diagrams and use the spectrochemical series to show the orbital occupancy for each of the following (assuming that H2O is a weak-field ligand): (a) [Fe(C2O4)3] 3 (C2O4 2 creates a weaker field than H2O does.) (b) [Co(CN)6] 4 (c) [MnCl6] 4 23

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.102

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Rank the following in order of increasing and energy of light absorbed: [Cr(NH3)6] 3, [Cr(H2O)6] 3, [Cr(NO2)6] 3. 2

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.103

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Rank the following in order of decreasing and energy of light absorbed: [Cr(en)3] 3, [Cr(CN)6] 3, [CrCl6] 3. 2

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.104

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
A complex, ML6 2, is violet. The same metal forms a complex with another ligand, Q, that creates a weaker field. What color might MQ6 2 be expected to show? Explain.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.105

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
[Cr(H2O)6]+2 is violet. Another CrL6 complex is green. Can ligand L be CN? Can it be Cl? Explain.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.106

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Octahedral [Ni(NH3)6] 2 is paramagnetic, whereas planar [Pt(NH3)4] 2 is diamagnetic, even though both metal ions are d8 species. Explain.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.107

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
The hexaaqua complex [Ni(H2O)6] 2 is green, whereas the hexaammonia complex [Ni(NH3)6] 2 is violet. Explain.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.108

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Three of the complex ions that are formed by Co3 are [Co(H2O)6] 3, [Co(NH3)6] 3, and [CoF6] 3. These ions have the observed colors (listed in arbitrary order) yellow-orange, green, and blue. Match each complex with its color. Explain. Co

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.109

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
When neptunium (Np) and plutonium (Pu) were discovered, the periodic table did not include the actinides, so these elements were placed in Group 7B(7) and 8B(8). When americium (Am) and curium (Cm) were synthesized, they were placed in Group 8B(9) and 8B(10). However, during chemical isolation proced

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.110

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
How many different formulas are there for octahedral complexes with a metal M and four ligands A, B, C, and D? Give the number of isomers for each formula and describe the isomers.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.111

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
At one time, it was common to write the formula for copper(I) chloride as Cu2Cl2, instead of CuCl, analogously to Hg2Cl2 for mercury(I) chloride. Use electron configurations to explain why Hg2Cl2 and CuCl are both correct.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.112

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Correct each name that has an error: (a) Na[FeBr4], sodium tetrabromoferrate(II) (b) [Ni(NH3)6] 2, nickel hexaammine ion (c) [Co(NH3)3I3], triamminetriiodocobalt(III) (d) [V(CN)6] 3, hexacyanovanadium(III) ion (e) K[FeCl4], potassium tetrachloroiron(III)

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.113

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
For the compound [Co(en)2Cl2]Cl, give: (a) The coordination number of the metal ion (b) The oxidation number of the central metal ion (c) The number of individual ions per formula unit (d) The moles of AgCl that precipitate immediately when 1 mol of compound is dissolved in water and treated with AgN

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.114

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Hexafluorocobaltate(III) ion is a high-spin complex. Draw the orbital-energy splitting diagram for its d orbitals.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.115

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
A salt of each of the ions in Table 23.3 (p. 1029) is dissolved in water. A Pt electrode is immersed in each solution and connected to a 0.38-V battery. All of the electrolytic cells are run for the same amount of time with the same current. (a) In which cell(s) will a metal plate out? Explain. (b) W

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.116

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Criticize and correct the following statement: strong-field ligands always give rise to low-spin complexes

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.117

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Two major bidentate ligands used in analytical chemistry are bipyridyl (bipy) and ortho-phenanthroline (o-phen): Draw structures and discuss the possibility of isomers for (a) [Pt(bipy)Cl2] (b) [Fe(o-phen)3] 3 (c) [Co(bipy)2F2] (d) [Co(o-phen)(NH3)3Cl]2 N

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.118

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
The following reaction is a key step in black-and-white photography (see p. 1035): AgBr(s) 2S2O3 2(aq) Ag(S2O3)2 3(aq) Br(aq) During fixing, 258 mL of hypo (sodium thiosulfate) was used. The hypo concentration was 0.1052 M before the AgBr reacted, and 0.0378 M afterward. How many grams of AgBr reacte

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.119

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
The metal ion in platinum(IV) complexes, like that in cobalt(III) complexes, has a coordination number of 6 and often has Cl ions and NH3 molecules as ligands. For the traditional (before the work of Werner) formulas PtCl4 6NH3 and PtCl4 4NH3, (a) give the modern formula and charge of the complex ion

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.120

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
In 1940, when the elements Np and Pu were prepared, a controversy arose about whether the elements from Ac on were analogs of the transition elements (and related to Y through Mo) or analogs of the lanthanides (and related to La through Nd). The arguments hinged primarily on comparing observed oxidat

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.121

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
In many species, a transition metal has an unusually high or low oxidation state. Write balanced equations for the following and find the oxidation state of the transition metal in the product: (a) Iron(III) ion reacts with hypochlorite ion in basic solution to form ferrate ion (FeO4 2), Cl, and wate

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.122

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Draw a Lewis structure with lowest formal charges for MnO4 .

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.123

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
The coordination compound [Pt(NH3)2(SCN)2] displays two types of isomerism. Name the types and give names and structures for the six possible isomers.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.124

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
In the sepia toning of a black-and-white photograph, the image is converted to a rich brownish violet by placing the finished photograph in a solution of gold(III) ions, in which metallic gold replaces the metallic silver. Use Appendix D to explain the chemistry of this process

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.125

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
An octahedral complex with three different ligands (A, B, and C) can have formulas with three different ratios of the ligands: [MA4BC]n, such as [Co(NH3)4(H2O)Cl]2 [MA3B2C]n, such as [Cr(H2O)3Br2Cl] [MA2B2C2] n, such as [Cr(NH3)2(H2O)2Br2] For each example, give the name, state the type(s) of isomeri

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.126

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
In black-and-white photography, what are the major chemical changes involved in exposing, developing, and fixing?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.127

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
In [Cr(NH3)6]Cl3, the [Cr(NH3)6] 3 ion absorbs visible light in the blue-violet range, and the compound is yelloworange. In [Cr(H2O)6]Br3, the [Cr(H2O)6] 3 ion absorbs visible light in the red range, and the compound is blue-gray. Explain these differences in light absorbed and color of the compound.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.128

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Dark green manganate salts contain the MnO4 2 ion. The ion is stable in basic solution but disproportionates in acid to MnO2(s) and MnO4 . (a) What is the oxidation state of Mn in MnO4 2, MnO4 , and MnO2? (b) Write a balanced equation for the reaction of MnO4 2 in acidic solution. 23.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.129

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Aqueous electrolysis of potassium manganate (K2MnO4) in basic solution is used for the production of tens of thousands of tons of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) annually. (a) Write a balanced equation for the electrolysis reaction. (Water is reduced also.) (b) How many moles of MnO4 can be formed if

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.130

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
The actinides Pa, U, and Np form a series of complex ions, such as the anion in the compound Na3[UF8], in which the central metal ion has an unusual geometry and oxidation state. In the crystal structure, the complex ion can be pictured as resulting from interpenetration of simple cubic arrays of ura

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.131

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Consider the square planar complex shown at right. Which of the structures below are geometric isomers of it?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.132

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
(a) What are the central metal ions in chlorophyll, heme, and vitamin B12? (b) What similarity in structure do these compounds have?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.133

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Several coordination isomers, with both Co and Cr as 3 ions, have the molecular formula CoCrC6H18N12. (a) Give the name and formula of the isomer in which the Co complex ion has six NH3 groups. (b) Give the name and formula of the isomer in which the Co complex ion has one CN and five NH3 groups.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.134

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Several coordination isomers have the molecular formula Pt2H12Cl6N4. (a) Give the name and standard formula of the isomer in which the Pt complex ion has six Cl groups and a charge of 2. (b) Give the name and standard formula of the isomer in which the Pt complex ion has four Cl groups and a charge o

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.135

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
A shortcut to finding optical isomers is to see if the complex has a plane of symmetrya plane passing through the metal 1062 Chapter 23 The Transition Elements and Their Coordination Compounds A B C D E F siL48593_ch23_1022-1063 12:11:07 13:39pm Page 1062 Apago PDF Enhancer atom such that every atom

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.136

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Werner prepared two compounds by heating a solution of PtCl2 with triethyl phosphine, P(C2H5)3, which is an excellent ligand for Pt. The two compounds gave the same analysis: Pt, 38.8%; Cl, 14.1%; C, 28.7%; P, 12.4%; and H, 6.02%. Write formulas, structures, and systematic names for the two isomers.

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.137

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Some octahedral complexes have distorted shapes. In some, two metal-ligand bonds that are 180 apart are shorter than the other four. In [Cu(NH3)6] 2, for example, two Cu N bonds are 207 pm long, and the other four are 262 pm long. (a) Calculate the longest distance between two N atoms in this complex

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.138

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Mercury has a small but significant vapor pressure, and Hg poisoning can occur in poorly ventilated rooms where Hg has been spilled. What is the partial pressure (in torr) of Hg if the maximum concentration at 25C is 20.0 mg/m3 ?

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.139

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Normal carbonic anhydrase has zinc at its active site (see Figure B23.2, p. 1056). Suggest a structural reason why carbonic anhydrase synthesized with Ni2, Fe2, or Mn2 in place of Zn2 gives an enzyme with less catalytic efficiency. 2

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.140

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
The effect of entropy on reactions is evident in the stabilities of certain complexes. (a) Using the criterion of number of product particles, predict which of the following will be favored in terms of ?Srxn: [Cu(NH3)4] 2(aq) 4H2O(l) [Cu(H2O)4] 2(aq) 4NH3(aq) [Cu(H2NCH2CH2NH2)2] 2(aq) 4H2O(l) [Cu(H2O

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.141

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
The extent of crystal field splitting is often determined from spectra. (a) Given the wavelength (?) of maximum absorption, find the crystal field splitting energy (?), in kJ/mol, for each of the following complex ions: (b) Construct a spectrochemical series for the ligands in the Cr complexes. (c) U

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.142

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
You know the following about a coordination compound: (1) The partial empirical formula is KM(CrO4)Cl2(NH3)4. (2) It has A (red) and B (blue) crystal forms. (3) When 1.0 mol of A or B reacts with 1.0 mol of AgNO3, 0.50 mol of a red precipitate forms immediately. (4) After the reaction in (3), 1.0 mol

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.143

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Ionic liquids have many new applications in engineering and materials science. The dissolution of the metavanadate ion in chloroaluminate ionic liquids has been studied: VO3 AlCl4 VO2Cl2 AlOCl2 (a) What is the oxidation number of V and Al in each ion? (b) In reactions of V2O5 with HCl, acid concentra

Chapter: 23 Problem: 23.144

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
The orbital occupancies for the d orbitals of several complex ions are diagrammed below. (a) Which diagram corresponds to the orbital occupancy of the cobalt ion in [Co(CN)6] 3? (b) If diagram D depicts the orbital occupancy of the cobalt ion in [CoF6] n , what is the value of n? (c) [NiCl4] 2 is par

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Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 5
Chapter 23, Problem 24

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