Chemistry 7th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

The difference in Gibbs free energy between reactants and a transition state

Compounds with a carbonyl functional group and the general formula RCHO, where R is an H atom, an alkyl, or an aromatic group. (24.4)

The circulation of electron density in a molecule in an applied magnetic fi eld.

A chemical formula that shows the kinds of atoms and their relative numbers in a substance in the smallest possible whole-number ratios. (Section 2.6)

In Diels-Alder reactions that produce bicyclic structures, the positions that are syn to the larger bridge.

Coal, oil, and natural gas, which are presently our major sources of energy. (Section 5.8)

The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) that participate in a reaction.

A cyclic compound whose ring contains more than one kind of atom. Oxirane (ethylene oxide), for example, is a heterocycle whose ring contains two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.

Atoms or groups on an atom that give an achiral molecule when one of the groups is replaced by another group. The hydrogens of the CH2 group of propane, for example, are homotopic. Replacing either one of them with deuterium gives 2-deuteropropane, which is achiral. Homotopic groups have identical chemical shifts under all conditions

For an amino acid, the specific pH at which the concentration of the zwitterionic form reaches its maximum value.

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

The temperature at which crystalline regions of a polymer melt.

The intermediateformed during oxymercuration.

A compound that consists of molecules. (Section 2.6)

Esterlike derivatives of phosphoric acid.

A large molecule of high molecular mass, formed by the joining together, or polymerization, of a large number of molecules of low molecular mass. The individual molecules forming the polymer are called monomers. (Sections 12.1 and 12.8)

A covalent bond in which electron density is concentrated along the internuclear axis. (Section 9.6)

A pericyclic reaction in which one s bond is formed at the expense of another.

The clustering of solvent molecules around a solute particle. (Section 13.1)

An element, such as carbon, that forms four bonds.