Chemistry 7th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

One of the six kinds of arrow-pushing patterns used in drawing mechanisms for radical reactions. A radical adds to a p bond, destroying the p bond and generating a new radical.

The strain that arises when a bond angle is either compressed or expanded compared to its optimal value.

For chair conformations of substituted cyclohexanes, a position that is parallel to a vertical axis passing through the center of the ring.

A proton donor

A CRO bond. carboxylic acid derivative (Sect. 21.6): A compound that is similar in structure to a carboxylic acid (RCOOH) but the OH group of the carboxylic acid has been replaced with a different group, Z, where Z is a heteroatom such as Cl, O, N, etc. Nitriles (R!C#N) are also considered to be carboxylic acid derivatives because they have the same oxidation state as carboxylic acids.

A structure that bears a positive charge.

Colors that, when mixed in proper proportions, appear white or colorless. (Section 23.5)

A compound containing a hydroxyl group bonded to a doubly bonded carbon atom.

A solution that obeys Raoult’s law. (Section 13.5)

A reaction for which the product distribution is determined by the relative rates at which the products are formed.

A compound thatrotates plane-polarized light in a counterclockwisedirection (-).

A term used to label a chiral molecule that rotates the plane of polarization of plane-polarized light to the left (counterclockwise). (Section 24.4)

The absorbance of a 1 M solution of a compound.

Addition of a reagent to a metal center causing it to add two substituents and to increase its oxidation state by two

The ratio of the actual (experimental) yield of a product to its theoretical (calculated) yield, multiplied by 100. (Section 3.7)

A compound that contains an !OH bonded to a benzene ring; a benzenol.

Biological damage caused by photosensitizers, light, and oxygen, used to kill tumor and other cells.

Polypeptide chains comprised of more than 40 or 50 amino acids.

Strain that arises when nonbonded atoms separated by three bonds are forced from a staggered conformation to an eclipsed conformation. Torsional strain is also called eclipsed-interaction strain.

The distance between adjacent peaks of an oscillating magnetic or electric field.