Solutions for Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry

A reaction in which a reagent adds to the two carbon atoms of a carbon–carbon multiple bond. (Section 24.3)

A compound containing an !OH (hydroxyl) group bonded to a carbon atom

The conjugate base of an alcohol.

A carbon adjacent to a carbon-carbon double bond.

A unit of pressure equal to 760 torr; 1 atm = 101.325 kPa. (Section 10.2) atom The smallest representative particle of an element. (Sections 1.1 and 2.1)

A substance that yields hydroxide ions (OH2) when dissolved in water. (2.7)

A reaction in which two smaller molecules combine to form a larger molecule. Water is invariably one of the products of such a reaction. (24.4)

In an acid-base reaction, the product that results when a base is protonated.

The circulation of electron density in a molecule in an applied magnetic fi eld.

Repelled by a magnet; a diamagnetic substance contains only paired electrons. (7.8)

The catalyst system and conditions of temperature and pressure developed by Fritz Haber and coworkers for the formation of NH3 from H2 and N2. (Section 15.2)

The heat evolved in a given process can be expressed as the sum of the heats of several processes that, when added, yield the process of interest. (Section 5.6)

A complex whose electrons populate the d orbitals to give the maximum number of unpaired electrons. (Section 23.6)

A point in space where the value of a wave function is zero

The conversion of a substance from one state of matter to another. The phase changes we consider are melting and freezing 1solid ? liquid2, sublimation and deposition, and vaporization and condensation 1liquid ? gas2. (Section 11.4)

Refers to two hydrogens bonded to a carbon atom. When a different atom replaces one or the other, the carbon becomes a chiral center. The hydrogens of the CH2 group of ethanol, for example, are prochiral. Replacing one of them by deuterium gives (R)-1-deuteroethanol; replacing the other gives (S)-1-deuteroethanol

A substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution; it is normally the component of a solution present in the smaller amount. (Section 4.1)

Atomic orbitals that are achieved by mathematically averaging one s orbital with only one p orbital to form two hybridized atomic orbitals.

A reaction in which one stereoisomer is formed in preference to all others. A stereoselective reaction may be enantioselective or diastereoselective, as the case may be.

A solution prepared by dissolving Ag2O in aqueous ammonia; used for selective oxidation of an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid.