- 21.1: a. How does mass defect relate to nuclear binding energy? b. How do...
- 21.2: Describe three ways in which the number of protons and the number o...
- 21.3: The mass of a 10 20 Ne atom is 19.992 44 u. Calculate the atoms mas...
- 21.4: The mass of a 37 Li atom is 7.016 00 u. Calculate the atoms mass de...
- 21.5: Calculate the nuclear binding energy of one lithium-6 atom. The mea...
- 21.6: Calculate the binding energies of the following two nuclei, and ind...
- 21.7: a. What is the binding energy per nucleon for each nucleus in the p...
- 21.8: The mass of 37 Li is 7.016 00 u. Calculate the binding energy per n...
- 21.9: Calculate the neutron-proton ratios for the following nuclides: a. ...
- 21.10: a. Locate the nuclides in problem 9 on the graph in Figure 1.Which ...
- 21.11: Balance the following nuclear equations. (Hint: See Sample A.) a. 1...
- 21.12: Write the nuclear equation for the release of an alpha particle by ...
- 21.13: Write the nuclear equation for the release of a beta particle by 82...
- 21.14: Where on the periodic table are most of the natural radioactive nuc...
- 21.15: What changes in atomic number and mass number occur in each of the ...
- 21.16: Which types of radioactive decay cause the transmutation of a nucli...
- 21.17: Explain how beta emission, positron emission, and electron capture ...
- 21.18: Write the nuclear reactions that show particle conversion for the f...
- 21.19: Compare electrons, beta particles, and positrons. 2
- 21.20: a. What are gamma rays? b. How do scientists think gamma rays are p...
- 21.21: How does the half-life of a nuclide relate to the stability of the ...
- 21.22: List the three parent nuclides of the natural decay series. 2
- 21.23: How are artificial radioactive isotopes produced? 2
- 21.24: Neutrons are more effective for bombarding atomic nuclei than proto...
- 21.25: Why are all of the transuranium elements radioactive? (Hint: See Se...
- 21.26: The half-life of plutonium-239 is 24 110 years. Of an original mass...
- 21.27: The half-life of thorium-227 is 18.72 days. How many days are requi...
- 21.28: Exactly _1 16 of a given amount of protactinium-234 remains after 2...
- 21.29: How many milligrams of a 15.0 mg sample of radium-226 remain after ...
- 21.30: Why can a radioactive material affect photographic film even though...
- 21.31: How does the penetrating ability of gamma rays compare with that of...
- 21.32: How does nuclear radiation damage biological tissue? 3
- 21.33: Explain how film badges, Geiger-Mller counters, and scintillation d...
- 21.34: How is the age of an object that contains a radioactive nuclide est...
- 21.35: How is the fission of a uranium-235 nucleus induced? 3
- 21.36: How does the fission of uranium-235 produce a chain reaction? 3
- 21.37: Describe the purposes of the five major components of a nuclear pow...
- 21.38: Describe the reaction that produces the suns energy. 3
- 21.39: What is one problem that must be overcome before controlled fusion ...
- 21.40: Balance the following nuclear reactions: a. 93 239 Np - 1 0 + _?__ ...
- 21.41: After 4797 years, how much of the original 0.250 g of radium-226 re...
- 21.42: The parent nuclide of the thorium decay series is 90 232 Th. The fi...
- 21.43: The half-life of radium-224 is 3.66 days. What was the original mas...
- 21.44: Calculate the neutron-proton ratios for the following nuclides, and...
- 21.45: Calculate the binding energy per nucleon of 92 238 U in joules. The...
- 21.46: The energy released by the formation of a nucleus of 26 56 Fe is 7....
- 21.47: Calculate the binding energy for one mole of deuterium atoms. The m...
- 21.48: Why do we compare binding energy per nuclear particle of different ...
- 21.49: Why is the constant rate of decay of radioactive nuclei so importan...
- 21.50: Which of the following nuclides of carbon is more likely to be stab...
- 21.51: Which of the following nuclides of iron is more likely to be stable...
- 21.52: Use the data shown below to determine the following: a. the isotope...
- 21.53: Investigate the history of the Manhattan Project. 5
- 21.54: Research the 1986 nuclear reactor accident at Chernobyl, Ukraine. W...
- 21.55: Find out about the various fusion-energy research projects that are...
- 21.56: Using the library, research the medical uses of radioactive isotope...
Solutions for Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry
Full solutions for Modern Chemistry: Student Edition 2012 | 1st Edition
ISBN: 9780547586632
Since 56 problems in chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry have been answered, more than 24972 students have viewed full step-by-step solutions from this chapter. This textbook survival guide was created for the textbook: Modern Chemistry: Student Edition 2012, edition: 1. Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry includes 56 full step-by-step solutions. Modern Chemistry: Student Edition 2012 was written by and is associated to the ISBN: 9780547586632. This expansive textbook survival guide covers the following chapters and their solutions.
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addition reaction
A reaction in which a reagent adds to the two carbon atoms of a carbon–carbon multiple bond. (Section 24.3)
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Alcohol
A compound containing an !OH (hydroxyl) group bonded to a carbon atom
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alkoxide
The conjugate base of an alcohol.
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Allylic carbon
A carbon adjacent to a carbon-carbon double bond.
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atmosphere (atm)
A unit of pressure equal to 760 torr; 1 atm = 101.325 kPa. (Section 10.2) atom The smallest representative particle of an element. (Sections 1.1 and 2.1)
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base.
A substance that yields hydroxide ions (OH2) when dissolved in water. (2.7)
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condensation reaction.
A reaction in which two smaller molecules combine to form a larger molecule. Water is invariably one of the products of such a reaction. (24.4)
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conjugate acid
In an acid-base reaction, the product that results when a base is protonated.
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Diamagnetic current in NMR
The circulation of electron density in a molecule in an applied magnetic fi eld.
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diamagnetic.
Repelled by a magnet; a diamagnetic substance contains only paired electrons. (7.8)
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Haber process
The catalyst system and conditions of temperature and pressure developed by Fritz Haber and coworkers for the formation of NH3 from H2 and N2. (Section 15.2)
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Hess’s law
The heat evolved in a given process can be expressed as the sum of the heats of several processes that, when added, yield the process of interest. (Section 5.6)
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high-spin complex
A complex whose electrons populate the d orbitals to give the maximum number of unpaired electrons. (Section 23.6)
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Node
A point in space where the value of a wave function is zero
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phase change
The conversion of a substance from one state of matter to another. The phase changes we consider are melting and freezing 1solid ? liquid2, sublimation and deposition, and vaporization and condensation 1liquid ? gas2. (Section 11.4)
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Prochiral hydrogens
Refers to two hydrogens bonded to a carbon atom. When a different atom replaces one or the other, the carbon becomes a chiral center. The hydrogens of the CH2 group of ethanol, for example, are prochiral. Replacing one of them by deuterium gives (R)-1-deuteroethanol; replacing the other gives (S)-1-deuteroethanol
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solute
A substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution; it is normally the component of a solution present in the smaller amount. (Section 4.1)
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sp-hybridized
Atomic orbitals that are achieved by mathematically averaging one s orbital with only one p orbital to form two hybridized atomic orbitals.
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Stereoselective reaction
A reaction in which one stereoisomer is formed in preference to all others. A stereoselective reaction may be enantioselective or diastereoselective, as the case may be.
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Tollens’ reagent
A solution prepared by dissolving Ag2O in aqueous ammonia; used for selective oxidation of an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid.