Chemistry
Chemistry: The Central Science 13th Edition solutions
Author: Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward; Matthew E. Stoltzfus
Publisher: Pearson
ISBN: 9780321910417
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Glossary
Key Chemistry Terms and definitions covered in this textbook
absolute zero
The lowest attainable temperature; 0 K on the Kelvin scale and -273.15 °C on the Celsius scale. (Section 1.4)
absorption spectrum
A pattern of variation in the amount of light absorbed by a sample as a function of wavelength. (Section 23.5)
accuracy
A measure of how closely individual measurements agree with the correct value. (Section 1.5)
acid
A substance that is able to donate a H+ ion (a proton) and, hence, increases the concentration of H+1aq2 when it dissolves in water. (Section 4.3)
acid rain
Rainwater that has become excessively acidic because of absorption of pollutant oxides, notably SO3, produced by human activities. (Section 18.2)
acid-dissociation constant (Ka)
An equilibrium constant that expresses the extent to which an acid transfers a proton to solvent water. (Section 16.6)
acidic anhydride (acidic oxide)
An oxide that forms an acid when added to water; soluble nonmetal oxides are acidic anhydrides. (Section 22.5)
acidic oxide (acidic anhydride)
An oxide that either reacts with a base to form a salt or with water to form an acid. (Section 22.5)
actinide element
Element in which the 5f orbitals are only partially occupied. (Section 6.8)
activated complex (transition state)
The particular arrangement of atoms found at the top of the potential-energy barrier as a reaction proceeds from reactants to products. (Section 14.5)
activation energy (Ea)
The minimum energy needed for reaction; the height of the energy barrier to formation of products. (Section 14.5)
active site
Specific site on a heterogeneous catalyst or an enzyme where catalysis occurs. (Section 14.7)
activity
The decay rate of a radioactive material, generally expressed as the number of disintegrations per unit time. (Section 21.4)
activity series
A list of metals in order of decreasing ease of oxidation. (Section 4.4)
addition polymerization
Polymerization that occurs through coupling of monomers with one another, with no other products formed in the reaction. (Section 12.8)
addition reaction
A reaction in which a reagent adds to the two carbon atoms of a carbon–carbon multiple bond. (Section 24.3)
adsorption
The binding of molecules to a surface. (Section 14.7)
alcohol
An organic compound obtained by substituting a hydroxyl group 1¬OH2 for a hydrogen on a hydrocarbon. (Sections 2.9 and 24.4)
aldehyde
An organic compound that contains a carbonyl group 1C “O2 to which at least one hydrogen atom is attached. (Section 24.4)
alkali metals
Members of group 1A in the periodic table. (Section 7.7)