Solutions for Chapter 4.5SE: Chemistry: The Central Science 13th Edition

Hydrocarbons that do not contain the benzene group or the benzene ring. (24.1)

A compound that possesses a carbon-carbon double bond.

The individual repeating units in a polypeptide chain or protein.

A conformation in which the dihedral angle between two groups is 180°.

Properties that describe a substance’s composition and its reactivity; how the substance reacts or changes into other substances. (Section 1.3)

In NMR spectroscopy, protons (or carbon atoms) that occupy identical electronic environments and produce only one signal.

A chemical bond formed between two atoms by sharing one or more pairs of electrons.

A solid that possesses rigid and long-range order; its atoms, molecules, or ions occupy specific positions. (11.4)

A crystal structure where the atoms are packed together as close as possible, and the close-packed layers of atoms adopt a three-layer repeating pattern that leads to a face-centered cubic unit cell. (Section 12.3)

A pericyclic process in which a conjugated polyene undergoes cyclization. In the process, one p bond is converted into a s bond, while the remaining p bonds all change their location. The newly formed s bond joins the ends of the original p system,thereby creating a ring.

The lowest energy state of a system.

An equation that is often employed to calculate the pH of buffered solutions: pH = pKa + log 3conjugated base4 3acid4

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

In a BaeyerVilliger oxidation, the migration rates of different groups, which determine the regiochemical outcome of the reaction.

An organic compound containing at least one halogen.

Addition of a reagent to a metal center causing it to add two substituents and to increase its oxidation state by two

A term used to indicate that exactly one alkyl group is attached directly to a particular position. For example, a primary carbocation has one alkyl group (not more) attached directly to the electrophilic carbon atom (C+).

A chemical entity with an unpaired electron.

A law stating that the partial pressure of a solvent over a solution, Psolution, is given by the vapor pressure of the pure solvent, P° solvent, times the mole fraction of a solvent in the solution, Xsolvent: Psolution = XsolventP° solvent. (Section 13.5)

The digits that indicate the precision with which a measurement is made; all digits of a measured quantity are significant, including the last digit, which is uncertain. (Section 1.5)