Organic Chemistry 2nd Edition - Solutions by Chapter

The volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas. (5.3)

Processes in which one or more substances are converted into other substances; also called chemical changes. (Section 1.3)

A solid whose internal arrangement of atoms, molecules, or ions possesses a regularly repeating pattern in any direction through the solid. (Section 12.2)

Reactions in which two p systems are joined together in a way that forms a ring. In the process, two p bonds are converted into two s bonds.

For a metal ion complex, the equilibrium constant for formation of the complex from the metal ion and base species present in solution. It is a measure of the tendency of the complex to form. (Section 17.5)

A thermodynamic state function that combines enthalpy and entropy, in the form G = H - TS. For a change occurring at constant temperature and pressure, the change in free energy is ?G = ?H - T?S. (Section 19.5)

A carbohydrate in which the !OH on its anomeric carbon is replaced by !OR

The enthalpy change, ?H, for vaporization of a liquid. (Section 11.4)

A compound containing a CRN bond.

An electronwithdrawing group that directs the regiochemistry of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction such that the incoming electrophile is installed at the meta position.

A chemical formula that indicates the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a substance. (Section 2.6)

A reaction in which an acid and a base react in stoichiometrically equivalent amounts; the neutralization reaction between an acid and a metal hydroxide produces water and a salt. (Section 4.3)

A compound that lacks a ring with a continuous system of overlapping p orbitals.

Compounds with the general structure R!O!O!R.

A bond in which the difference in electronegative values of the two atoms is between 0.5 and 1.7.

The arrangement of polypeptide monomers into a noncovalently bonded aggregate.

A step-by-step description of how a chemical reaction occurs.

A polymerization in which chain growth occurs in a stepwise manner between difunctional monomers as, for example, between adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine to form nylon 66. Also called condensation polymerization.

A compound that contains two SR groups, both of which are connected to the same carbon atom.

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory, which can be used to predict the geometry around an atom.