Organic Chemistry 2nd Edition - Solutions by Chapter

A substance that is able to donate a H+ ion (a proton) and, hence, increases the concentration of H+1aq2 when it dissolves in water. (Section 4.3)

A reaction that achieves the installation of an alkyl group. For example, an SN2 reaction in which an alkyl group is connected to an attacking nucleophile.

A radical reaction that achieves installation of a bromine atom at an allylic position.

Carbohydrates that differ in confi guration only at their anomeric carbons.

The process by which a liquid rises in a tube because of a combination of adhesion to the walls of the tube and cohesion between liquid particles. (Section 11.3)

A nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which the nucleophile is an ester enolate and the electrophile is an ester.

A chemical bond formed between two atoms by sharing one or more pairs of electrons.

The minimum pressure necessary to bring about liquefaction at the critical temperature. (11.8)

A form of energy that has wave characteristics and that propagates through a vacuum at the characteristic speed of 3.00 * 108 m >s. (Section 6.1)

The energy released when 1 g of a substance is combusted. (Section 5.8)

In an exothermic process the transition state is closer in energy to the reactants than to the products, and therefore the structure of the transition state more closely resembles the reactants. In contrast, the transition state in an endothermic process is closer in energy to the products, and therefore the transition state more closely resembles the products.

The equilibrium established between substances in two or more different phases, for example, between a gas and a solid or between a solid and a liquid. (Section 15.4)

The absolute temperature scale; the SI unit for temperature is the kelvin. Zero on the Kelvin scale corresponds to -273.15 °C. (Section 1.4)

Numbers of protons and neutrons that result in very stable nuclei. (Section 21.2)

A CH2 group.

A theory that accounts for the allowed states for electrons in molecules.(Section 9.7)

A chemical combination of two or more atoms. (Sections 1.1 and 2.6)

A substance made up of many monosaccharide units joined together. (Section 24.8)

An intermediate that has both a negative charge and an unpaired electron.

For mechanisms, a step that involves three chemical entities.