Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8th Edition solutions

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
Consider a family with a mother, father, and two children. Let = {mother has influenza}, = {father has influenza}, = {first child has influenza}, = {second child has influenza}, B = {at least one child has influenza}, C = {at least one parent has influenza}, and D = {at least one person in the fa

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
A study was recently published in Western Australia on the relationship between method of conception and prevalence of major birth defects (Hansen et al. [8]). The prevalence of at least one major birth defect among infants conceived naturally was 4.2%, based on a large sample of infants. Among 837 i

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
The data in Table 13.59 were presented relating body mass index (BMI) to progression of advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a common eye disease in the elderly that results in significant visual loss [51]. Provide a 95% CI about this estimate.

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
Refer to Data Set DIABETES.DAT at www.cengagebrain .com. Another approach to addressing Problem 8.139 (p. 333) is to calculate b = the rate of growth of weight over time for each individual boy, using linear-regression analysis, and relate b to h = the mean HgbA1c over all follow-up visits. 11.100 Pe

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
Suppose we observe 84 alcoholics with cirrhosis of the liver, of whom 29 have hepatomasthat is, liver-cell carcinoma. Suppose we know, based on a large sample, that the risk of hepatoma among alcoholics without cirrhosis of the liver is 24%. What is the probability that we observe exactly 29 alco

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
Suppose the incidence rate of myocardial infarction (MI) was 5 per 1000 among 45- to 54-year-old men in 2000. To look at changes in incidence over time, 5000 men in this age group were followed for 1 year starting in 2010. Fifteen new cases of MI were found. Using the critical-value method with

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
The drug erythromycin has been proposed to possibly lower the risk of premature delivery. A related area of interest is its association with the incidence of side effects during pregnancy. Assume 30% of all pregnant women complain of nausea between weeks 24 and 28 of pregnancy. Furthermore, suppose t

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
Suppose that 200 obese (BMI ?25) children and 500 normal-weight (BMI <25) children are identified in a school-based screening for hypertension. Eighteen of the obese children and 10 of the normal-weight children are hypertensive. What type of study is this?

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
A validation study is to be performed in a local hospital to check the accuracy of assessment of hospital-acquired infection (INF) following coronary bypass surgery (coronary artery bypass graft, or CABG). In a given year the hospital performs 1100 CABG procedures. A Centers for Disease Control and P

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
Because serum cholesterol is related to age and sex, some investigators prefer to express it in terms of z-scores. If X = raw serum cholesterol, then , where ? is the mean and ? is the standard deviation of serum cholesterol for a given agegender group. Suppose Z is regarded as a standard normal rand

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
Refer to Data Set BONEDEN.DAT at www.cengagebrain .com. Answer the question in Problem 7.79 (p. 274) using nonparametric methods, and compare your results with those obtained using parametric methods.

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
An important issue is whether there are racial differences in hypertension among children. We define hypertension as being above the 95th percentile for either systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) among children of the same age, height, and sex. Since some of the children w

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
Ribosomal 5S RNA can be represented as a sequence of 120 nucleotides. Each nucleotide can be represented by one of four characters: A (adenine), G (guanine), C (cytosine), or U (uracil). The characters occur with different probabilities for each position. We wish to test whether a new sequence is the

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
Because serum cholesterol is related to age and sex, some investigators prefer to express it in terms of z-scores. If X = raw serum cholesterol, then , where ? is the mean and ? is the standard deviation of serum cholesterol for a given agegender group. Suppose Z is regarded as a standard normal rand

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
The duration of cigarette smoking has been linked to many diseases, including lung cancer and various forms of heart disease. Suppose we know that among men ages 30?34 who have ever smoked, the mean number of years they smoked is 12.8 with a standard deviation of 5.1 years. For women in this age grou

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
An instrument that is used in some blood-pressure studies is the random-zero device, in which the zero point of the machine is randomly set with each use and the observer is not aware of the actual level of blood pressure at the time of measurement. This instrument is intended to reduce observer bias

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
A study was performed relating baldness pattern to MI (heart attack) among men in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study [49]. Baldness pattern and prevalent MI were determined at the same examination during the period 1996?1998. Baldness was categorized into 5 categories (none/frontal/

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
The Womens Health Study randomly assigned 39,876 initially healthy women ages 45 years or older to receive either 100 mg of aspirin on alternate days or placebo and monitored them for 10 years for a major cardiovascular event [52]. Table 13.60 shows the results stratified by age at randomization.

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet favorably affect several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The principal dietary polyunsaturated fat is linoleic acid. To test the effects of dietary supplementation with linoleic acid on blood pressure, 17 adults consumed 23 g/day of safflower oil, high

Fundamentals of Biostatistics 8
Endothelin is a powerful vasoconstrictor peptide derived from the endothelium. The contribution of endothelin to blood pressure regulation in patients with hypertension was assessed by studying the effect of an endothelin-receptor antagonist, Bosentan. In the study, 293 patients with mild to moderate