Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis (with CengageNOW Printed Access Card) (Available Titles CengageNOW) 3rd Edition - Solutions by Chapter

A study in which a sample from a population is used to make inference to a future population. Stability needs to be assumed. See Enumerative study

A qualitative characteristic of an item or unit, usually arising in quality control. For example, classifying production units as defective or nondefective results in attributes data.

An equation for a conditional probability such as PA B ( | ) in terms of the reverse conditional probability PB A ( | ).

Unbiased estimator.

The joint distribution of two normal random variables

Data consisting of counts or observations that can be classiied into categories. The categories may be descriptive.

The distribution of a random variable given that the random experiment produces an outcome in an event. The given event might specify values for one or more other random variables

An estimator that converges in probability to the true value of the estimated parameter as the sample size increases.

A correction factor used to improve the approximation to binomial probabilities from a normal distribution.

See Control chart.

A measure of association between two random variables obtained as the expected value of the product of the two random variables around their means; that is, Cov(X Y, ) [( )( )] =? ? E X Y ? ? X Y .

A control chart in which the point plotted at time t is the sum of the measured deviations from target for all statistics up to time t

Used in statistical quality control, a defect is a particular type of nonconformance to speciications or requirements. Sometimes defects are classiied into types, such as appearance defects and functional defects.

A management philosophy promoted by W. Edwards Deming that emphasizes the importance of change and quality

The response variable in regression or a designed experiment.

A continuous random variable that is the sum of a ixed number of independent, exponential random variables.

An analysis of how the variance of the random variable that represents that output of a system depends on the variances of the inputs. A formula exists when the output is a linear function of the inputs and the formula is simpliied if the inputs are assumed to be independent.

A type of experimental design in which every level of one factor is tested in combination with every level of another factor. In general, in a factorial experiment, all possible combinations of factor levels are tested.

A model that contains only irstorder terms. For example, the irst-order response surface model in two variables is y xx = + ?? ? ? 0 11 2 2 + + . A irst-order model is also called a main effects model

In general, the agreement of a set of observed values and a set of theoretical values that depend on some hypothesis. The term is often used in itting a theoretical distribution to a set of observations.