Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers 3rd Edition - Solutions by Chapter

An equation for a conditional probability such as PA B ( | ) in terms of the reverse conditional probability PB A ( | ).

Sequences of independent trials with only two outcomes, generally called “success” and “failure,” in which the probability of success remains constant.

A discrete random variable that equals the number of successes in a ixed number of Bernoulli trials.

The tendency of data to cluster around some value. Central tendency is usually expressed by a measure of location such as the mean, median, or mode.

The probability of an event given that the random experiment produces an outcome in another event.

The probability density function of the conditional probability distribution of a continuous random variable.

A probability distribution for a continuous random variable.

A two-dimensional graphic used for a bivariate probability density function that displays curves for which the probability density function is constant.

In the most general usage, a measure of the interdependence among data. The concept may include more than two variables. The term is most commonly used in a narrow sense to express the relationship between quantitative variables or ranks.

A measure of association between two random variables obtained as the expected value of the product of the two random variables around their means; that is, Cov(X Y, ) [( )( )] =? ? E X Y ? ? X Y .

A matrix that provides the tests that are to be conducted in an experiment.

A random variable with a inite (or countably ininite) range.

The error sum of squares divided by its number of degrees of freedom.

In analysis of variance, this is the portion of total variability that is due to the random component in the data. It is usually based on replication of observations at certain treatment combinations in the experiment. It is sometimes called the residual sum of squares, although this is really a better term to use only when the sum of squares is based on the remnants of a model-itting process and not on replication.

The numerical value of a point estimator.

A series of pair-wise hypothesis tests of treatment means in an experiment to determine which means differ.

In analysis of variance, a factor or effect is considered ixed if all the levels of interest for that factor are included in the experiment. Conclusions are then valid about this set of levels only, although when the factor is quantitative, it is customary to it a model to the data for interpolating between these levels.

A method of variable selection in regression, where variables are inserted one at a time into the model until no other variables that contribute signiicantly to the model can be found.

The geometric mean of a set of n positive data values is the nth root of the product of the data values; that is, g x i n i n = ( ) = / w 1 1 .

A discrete random variable that is the number of Bernoulli trials until a success occurs.