Stats Modeling the World 4th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

A variation of the R 2 statistic that compensates for the number of parameters in a regression model. Essentially, the adjustment is a penalty for increasing the number of parameters in the model. Alias. In a fractional factorial experiment when certain factor effects cannot be estimated uniquely, they are said to be aliased.

Any control chart for a discrete random variable. See Variables control chart.

Sequences of independent trials with only two outcomes, generally called “success” and “failure,” in which the probability of success remains constant.

The joint probability distribution of two random variables.

A chart used to organize the various potential causes of a problem. Also called a ishbone diagram.

A type of experimental design in which the treatments or design factors are assigned to the experimental units in a random manner. In designed experiments, a completely randomized design results from running all of the treatment combinations in random order.

A random variable with an interval (either inite or ininite) of real numbers for its range.

See Control chart.

A dimensionless measure of the linear association between two variables, usually lying in the interval from ?1 to +1, with zero indicating the absence of correlation (but not necessarily the independence of the two variables).

Formulas used to determine the number of elements in sample spaces and events.

A square matrix that contains the variances and covariances among a set of random variables, say, X1 , X X 2 k , , … . The main diagonal elements of the matrix are the variances of the random variables and the off-diagonal elements are the covariances between Xi and Xj . Also called the variance-covariance matrix. When the random variables are standardized to have unit variances, the covariance matrix becomes the correlation matrix.

In hypothesis testing, this is the portion of the sample space of a test statistic that will lead to rejection of the null hypothesis.

A parameter in a tabular CUSUM algorithm that is determined from a trade-off between false alarms and the detection of assignable causes.

Used in statistical quality control, a defect is a particular type of nonconformance to speciications or requirements. Sometimes defects are classiied into types, such as appearance defects and functional defects.

The number of independent comparisons that can be made among the elements of a sample. The term is analogous to the number of degrees of freedom for an object in a dynamic system, which is the number of independent coordinates required to determine the motion of the object.

A random variable with a inite (or countably ininite) range.

Another name for a cumulative distribution function.

A continuous random variable that is the sum of a ixed number of independent, exponential random variables.

A series of tests in which changes are made to the system under study

A discrete random variable that is the number of Bernoulli trials until a success occurs.