BIOL 221: Foundations of Biology 1

This videos teaches the mechanisms behind waste elimination in earthworms and mammals. Learn how metanephridia in earthworms and nephrons in mammalian kidneys work differently to perform crucial functions. Clear up common misconceptions and deepen your understanding of these biological systems.

Explore Fluorine's electron configuration and its impact on chemical reactivity. Learn about electron shells, orbitals, and the quest for a complete valence shell.

Understand the anatomical significance and position of the lumbar region within the spinal structure. This video explains how the lumbar region which constitutes the lower back interacts with other areas like the popliteal and umbilical regions. Gain a clear perspective on its role in supporting body weight and its location relative to other spinal sections

Grasp the fundamentals of how neurons transmit electrical signals through action potentials. Understand the crucial role of myelination and fiber diameter in efficient nerve impulse conduction. Dive into the comparisons of different nerve fiber types and their properties.

Learn about the composition of arteries focusing on those closer to the heart. Understand the role of endothelium smooth muscle fibers elastic fibers and collagen in these arterial structures. Discover why arteries near the heart have a higher percentage of elastic fibers to withstand pressure changes effectively.

Explore the body's fight-or-flight response and its link to caffeine's effects. Learn how the interruption of cAMP phosphodiesterase leads to prolonged alertness and why caffeine can result in sleeplessness.