BIOL 208: Introduction to Biology II

Explore stromatolites, the oldest indicators of life on Earth formed by microbial actions. Understand their presence in shallow marine environments and their connection to early eukaryotic life.

We explore how to determine the nature of a mysterious, gelatinous substance found on a forest rock. By conducting a series of tests, including microscopy, DNA staining, respiration observation, and growth experiments, we aim to unravel whether this enigmatic material is alive, inanimate, or a product of a living organism.

Explore the underlying causes of muscle fatigue and the crucial role of lactic acid. Understand the impact of ATP depletion and anaerobic metabolism on muscle performance. Gain insights into planning effective exercise and recovery strategies.

Explore the multifaceted roles of the skin, from protective barrier functions to sensory reception. Understand the distinction between the epidermal and dermal layers. Appreciate the comprehensive functionalities of the integumentary system.

Explore the application of parsimony in constructing phylogenetic trees, emphasizing simplicity in scientific explanations and its relation to evolutionary changes. Learn about various options for tree construction and the core concept of choosing the most parsimonious representation

Discover the distinctions and similarities between gymnosperms and angiosperms. Delve into their structural features, seed development processes, and pollen grain formation. Uncover why only angiosperms possess ovaries.