BIOL 221: Human Anatomy & Physiology I

Discover the relationship between the papillary layer of the dermis and the layers of the epidermis. Understand the structure, function, and connections that exist in our skin's anatomy.

Explore the intricate workings of the immune system's overactive responses, known as hypersensitivity reactions. Learn about the classification into Types I, II, III, and briefly, IV, along with real-world examples. Uncover the mechanisms behind these reactions and their impact on our health.

Explore the intricate process of protein synthesis understanding how tRNA anticodons correspond with mRNA codons. Discover the role of ribosomes in reading mRNA sequences and how tRNA ensures the accurate translation of amino acids. Breakdown of mRNA-tRNA binding for efficient protein formation.

Explore the distinct characteristics of muscle tissues and their functions. Understand the differences between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles. Get insights into the anatomy of striations, cell shapes, and nuclei.

Explore the application of parsimony in constructing phylogenetic trees, emphasizing simplicity in scientific explanations and its relation to evolutionary changes. Learn about various options for tree construction and the core concept of choosing the most parsimonious representation

Explore the similarities and differences between the circulatory systems of amphibians and humans. Understand the distinctions in heart chambers, blood pressure, and where these two species align in their circulatory features.