Island life. When human settlers bring new plants and animals to an island,they may

Chapter 0, Problem 16.44

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Island life. When human settlers bring new plants and animals to an island,they may drive out native plants and animals. A study of 220 oceanic islands farfrom other land counted exotic (introduced from outside) bird species andthe number of bird species that have become extinct since Europeans arrived onthe islands. The study report says, Numbers of exotic bird species and nativebird extinctions are also positively correlated (r = 0.62, n = 220 islands,P < 0.01).8(a) The hypotheses concern the correlation for all oceanic islands, thepopulation from which these 220 islands are a sample. Call this populationcorrelation . The hypotheses tested areH0: = 0Ha: > 0In simple language, explain what P < 0.01 tells us.(b) Before drawing practical conclusions from a P-value, we must look at thesample size and at the size of the observed effect. If the sample is large, effects toosmall to be important may be statistically significant. Do you think that is the casehere? Why?